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TO ALL 




CONTRIBUTORS WHO GAVE THEIR VALUABLE AID 



IN BEHALF OP THE 



SUFFERERS FROM EPIDEMIC YELLOW FEYER 



DURING THE SUMMER OF 1855. 






PHILADELPHIA: 

INQUIRER PRINTING OFFICE, 121 SOUTH THIRD STREET, 

185T. 







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members; of the howakd association 

OF NORFOLK, YA. 



A. B. Cooke, President, Chas. E. Miles, 

Thos. J. Corprew, lstVice President, Capt. Jas. L. Henderson, 



R. M. Balls, 2d Vice President, 
R. W. Bowden, Treasurer, 
Jas^A. Saunders, Secretary, 
Solomon Cherry, Corresponding Sec, 
W. D. Reynolds, 
Dr. R. W. Rose, 
Dr. Wm. M. Wilson, 
Jno. R. Langley, 
George Drummond, 
Dulton Wheeler, 



Jas. G. Pollard, 
Edward Delany, 
Wm. F. Tyler, 
Wm. D. Seymour, 
Simon Stone, 
Geo. H. Wales, 
J. J. Bloodgood, 
L. L. Brickhouse, 
Wm. T. Nimmo, 
Jno. B. Whitehead, 



Alex. M. Cunningham. 



REPORT 

Of the Howard Association to all contributors who gave their valuable aid 
in behalf of the Sufferers from Epidemic Yellow Fever during the sum- 
mer of 1855. 

More than a year has now elapsed since the Howard Association of 
Norfolk was first organized for the purpose of rendering aid to the suf- 
ferers during the terrible calamity of Epidemic Yellow Fever in 1855. 
Now that all the trying emergency has passed, and an exhibit of its af- 
fairs becomes necessary, the Association desire to offer some few remarks 
in explanation of its early history and proceedings. 

It can easily be understood that the establishment of any society during 
a season of severe public affliction, with disease and death rapidly in- 
vading every abode, must be attended with extreme difficulty. Such was 
peculiarly the case at the time this society had its origin. 

About the 10th of August, 1855, five gentlemen, citizens of Norfolk, 
seeing the alarming amount of want and distress daily increasing in the 
city, proposed the formation of a " Howard Association/' 

Wm, B. Ferguson was elected President, J. J. Bloodgood and John B. 
Whitehead 1st and, 2d Vice Presidents, R. W. Bowden, Treasurer, and 
James A. Saunders, Secretary. At the increase of the epidemic two of 
these gentlemen were required by the ill health of their families, and the 
surrounding panic, to leave the city. Major Bowden, the Treasurer, was 
suddenly taken ill, and hence became unable to attend at the office of the 
association. 

All of these embarrassments occurred within a week of the time of 
the first meeting, thus reducing the active members to only two.* 
Soon Mr. Saunders being taken ill, Mr. Ferguson was left alone (so far 
as membership was concerned) with all the responsibilities of the society 
resting upon him. With all the instincts of a noble nature, but not 
without some error of judgment in endeavoring to perform too much by 
his own individual exertions, he failed for a time to secure the co-opera- 
tion of many of his fellow-citizens, who were actively engaged in service 
upon the sick, and who desired to be united as joint and harmonious 
members of the existing association. An unfortunate oversight seems to be 
traceable in the above course of action, yet it is one for which an apology 

* They were assisted by D. Wheeler and "W. T. Nimmo. 

(3) 



may fairly be offered. Unprecedented confusion had been rapidly induced 
in all the relations of public and private life, which was alone sufficient 
to distract the strongest mind, while, added to this circumstance, the call 
of a meeting of any kind, with trouble fast increasing on every side, 
seemed likely to end in disappointment and loss of time. 

At this juncture, several gentlemen of our city, as well as volunteers 
from other places, and amongst them, particularly, Judge W. Milo Olin 
and Mr. Taliafero, of Augusta, Georgia, came to the assistance of Mr. 
Ferguson, and rendered invaluable services in dispensing of money and 
provisions, paying nurses and carrying on correspondence. It was soon 
found that the duties imposed on these were so arduous, that much was 
neglected that ought to have been done, — tardy and unsatisfactory answers 
to letters, sometimes even an entire neglect of this occurred ; while con- 
fusion and derangement were hourly produced in the pecuniary affairs of 
the association. 

Matters thus continued until the death of Mr. Ferguson, on the 22d of 
September, when Major Bowden, who was the only member now in health, 
called together such gentlemen as had volunteered their services and ren- 
dered assistance to their fellow sufferers from the beginning of the epi- 
demic. 

An invitation having been extended by Major Bowden, all present ex- 
pressed their willingness to become members, which was now for the first 
time proffered to them. It was mentioned as an act of justice to their 
own conduct, that they had been engaged in services of charity through- 
out the epidemic, and had shrunk from no duty however fatiguing or hu- 
miliating for the public relief. 

The first meeting held for the re-organizing of the 'association was on 
the 26th day of September, when Augustus B. Cooke was elected Presi- 
dent, Thos. J. Corprew, 1st Yice President, R. M. Balls, 2d Vice Presi- 
dent, R. W. Bowden, Treasurer, James A. Saunders, Secretary, and 
Solomon Cherry, Corresponding Secretary. 

Mr. Cooke took the Chair and proposed at once the consideration of such 
measures as would place the society upon a new and sound basis. 

For this purpose the adoption of the Constitution and By-Laws of the 
Howard Association of New Orleans was proposed, a copy of which was 
produced and read, and with slight alterations was agreed to. The meet- 
ing then adjourned, every member being fully apprised of his respective 
duty, agreed to meet daily at their office on Main Street. From this 
period the association is conscious of no neglect of duty ; all business 
proceeded with regularity; a simple apology being all that seems necessary 
to the public for the delay in publishing this report. 

The death of Mr. Ferguson occurred at a moment of unparalleled 
trouble, when but few citizens of Norfolk were left in the possession of 
health. Mr. Ferguson himself was early called upon to suffer affliction 



in his immediate familv, before the attack of fever which soon ended his 
own life. In consequence of these disturbances, and the universal confu- 
sion and panic, no search could be quietly made into the letters, orders, 
and important papers belonging to the association. When a period ar- 
rived when this could be done, an investigation was instituted, when, as 
might be expected, every species of writing was found in a state of de- 
rangement. To restore order to these documents required much more 
care and labor than would be supposed by those who are unacquainted 
with the voluminous correspondence of the association, all of which it 
became necessary to examine, to ascertain the correct amount of receipts, 
in money, provisions, clothing, &c, which was so generously sent from 
every portion of our country. These various matters required .much 
time. And whilst they were in process of arrangement, poverty and suf- 
fering, which had accumulated in the city after the epidemic had subsided, 
called loudly for continued charitable services on the part of the associa-. 
tion. As the succeeding winter set in early, and was unusually severe, a 
regular distribution of money, provisions and fuel was instituted to the 
poor, which was continued until the 1st of April, 1856, (the association 
having superseded the Humane Society during the entire winter,) prepara- 
tion of a burial place in the " Elmwood Cemetery," for such of our own 
members or others engaged in our service who had died during the epi- 
demic, supervision of the Orphan Asylum, preparations of medals to 
physicians and nurses who had come to our relief from abroad ; all these 
must be added as concerns which consumed in their discharge a large 
portion of the past year. "While making these statements, the association 
is fuJly aware that even now errors may exist in our account, which the 
most diligent enquiry cannot avoid. Being aware of this, and at the same 
time desirous of having everything correct, has delayed the report, which 
a clamorous, and we fear an uncharitable public has for some time de- 
manded. 

We are fully aware, that moneys have been received, for which no 
correct account can be given. But when we take into consideration the 
emergencies under which the association laboured at its commencement, 
the frequent distribution of moneys in the streets or wherever its first 
president might be called upon for aid, this small deficiency should not 
create prejudice in the mind of any rational man. Allow us to express 
the belief, that few, very few, similarly situated, would have done better. 
For a correction of faults, and also for a mention of omissions in the ac- 
knowledgment of moneys, provisions, or letters which may be found in 
this report, the association will feel obliged to any person so stating 
them, promising at the same time to make every reparation in its 
power. 

It may not be uninteresting to offer a few remarks upon the subject of 
several works, whose origin, while it was directly connected with the 

I 



6 

epidemic, called forth during a period of tea months the earnest and 
undivided labours of the association, at the same time exhausting largely 
its pecuniary resources. 

The first of these deserving mention are the hospitals. Soon after the 
discovery of the fever in "Barry's Row/' (a block of buildings not very 
distant from the wharf at the foot of Church street,) Mr. Hunter Woodis, 
then Mayor of the city, deemed it advisable to place a barricade, with a 
view of cutting off communication with the above named infected lo- 
cality, it being the only seat of disease in the city for a length of time 
during the month of July. To remove the sick into an open country 
climate, seemed to offer the double advantage of speedier relief to these 
sufferers, whilst it also promised to lessen some of the danger which may 
be due to contagion, especially in that crowded portion of the city where 
the disease then existed. With this purpose in view, a site was selected 
just without the limits of the city, where a "pest house" was fitted up, 
and immediately patients from the infected district were conveyed to it. 
And here allow us to digress to mention a circumstance that occurred. 
The belief was very general, that if this infected block of buildings could 
be destroyed by fire, an end would be put to the fever. Accordingly, 
when it was ascertained that all of the patients had been removed, the 
buildings were discovered to be on fire — whether by design or accident 
it is not our province to enquire. Suffice it to say, that, in a short time, 
the whole block, numbering, we believe, fourteen tenements, lay a heap 
of smouldering ruins. But did this stop the ravages of disease? Alas! 
let the mournful sequel answer. But to return to our subject. Patients 
were removed to the "pest house" in a large wagon. This mods of 
transport was found objectionable for several reasons, but chiefly from 
unpleasant sensations created in the public mind, and to great fatigue 
and exposure to the sick themselves. 

Moreover, the locality fixed upon, as the epidemic spread, was found 
totally inadequate and was consequently abandoned. The epidemic was 
now rapidly spreading, so that it became necessary to obtain some more 
suitable location, with sufficient accommodations for a large and perma- 
nent hospital. Such a position was sought for by Mayor Woodis, an'd 
A. B. Cooke, Esq., then acting as agent for the Board of Health. After 
some difficulty in finding one, they at last rented the buildings at the 
" Julappi Race Course," which, with some improvements, were made to 
answer the purpose. 

This place is distant from the city about three miles by land, and two 
by water, and although quite in a country atmosphere, great fears and 
opposition were manifested by the surrounding neighbours at the sup- 
posed danger from an introduction of yellow fever. These difficulties 
being obviated, and plans matured, transportation of the sick to this new 
location was commenced by means of lighters by water, and the hospital 

I 



thus established was placed in charge of Dr. Wm. M. Wilson, a young 
and skilful physician, who received the sufferers, and ministered every 
attention possible under such trying circumstances. Dr. Wilson is a 
member of the Howard Association; and it affords us much pleasure to 
bear testimony in favor of his excellent management, and successful 
treatment of the patients committed to his charge. The nurses and at- 
tendants, as well as the surviving patients who were under his care, we 
know would cordially unite with us in bestowing praise on one who so 
justly merits it. This establishment was maintained until the close of 
the season ; and after the decease of the lamented Woodis, on the 26th 
of August, its entire care devolved on the Howard Association. About 
150 patients were here treated and supported during their convales- 
cence, which in some instances was not complete until the month of 
November. Many of these poor people were residents of u Barry's Row," 
and lost their all in the conflagration that destroyed those buildings. 
These we provided with homes for the balance of the year, and furnished 
the necessary furniture and provisions for house-keeping. 

When the epidemic had extended its progress over the entire city, and 
it was found that numbers were pining for medical and other assistance 
which could not be obtained, the necessity of opening an hospital in the 
city, that all such sufferers might be concentrated at one point, was 
deemed indispensable. To accomplish this purpose the agents of the 
Board of Health held a consultation with Mr. Ferguson, President of the 
Howard Association upon this matter, and their deliberations were aided 
by Drs. Tenner and Beard, two volunteer physicians from New Orleans. 
These gentlemen were appointed a committee to select some building and 
supervise its arrangements. Obstacles of great embarrassment now pre- 
sented themselves. The idea of accumulating the sick and dying in the 
centre of the city was seriously opposed, as likely to add to a panic, that 
had already risen to an alarming extent; yet the only available spot 
seemed to be the " Old City Hotel " but recently vacated by Mr. Walters. 
No alternative being left, this building was secured, and steps at once 
taken for removing old furniture, clearing away and cleaning out the 
rooms which demanded the constant occupation of ten or twelve laborers 
for two days. The furnishing stores as well as all others being closed in 
Norfolk, much difficulty resulted in procuring -beds, cots, tables, and va- 
rious other articles which were requisite for the equipment of an hospital. 
In this emergency application was immediately made to Baltimore, when 
the relief committee with that promptitude which characterized them, 
dispatched by the return steamer nearly all such furniture and stores as 
were needed for general use. It was found subsequently, that many 
small articles were needed ; but these, through the kindness of Messrs. 
Schisano & Kerr, were readily procured in Norfolk. A cooking range 
was next procured from W. D. Roberts, Jr., — cooks then being hired and 



8 

nurses secured, physicians were appointed to their respective wards, and 
he admittance of sick persons commenced on the 29th of August. For 
the management of this Institution we beg leave to refer to the Report of 
Dr. Fenner in another part of this report. 

Whilst these various concerns devolved chiefly upon the association, it 
became also their duty to meet the demand for daily supplies, not only to 
the inmates of the hospital, but likewise to numerous persons who were 
lying sick in every portion of the city. For the accommodation of all 
such, it was found necessary to maintain within the hospital an apothecary 
shop, and this matter next received the attention of the association. By 
its aid, not only to hospital patients but to the community at large, a very 
convenient place for dispensing medicines was afforded, and this at a time 
when only one other drug store in Norfolk was left open. Very many 
articles of diet, together with such fruit as oranges and lemons, which 
were in great demand by the sick, could here be obtained ; bread too after 
niglit was procurable here, when no other method remained for providing 
this necessary of life. 

At one period the demand for coffins threatened to become a serious 
evil, and this fact being made known at the Navy Yard, a number of 
rough boxes (through the kindness of the late Commandant, Capt. 
McKeever) were made and generously sent for distribution. "While at- 
tending to this matter as a part of the duty of the association, application 
was made to Baltimore and our sister city of Richmond for aid in this 
particular also, and we soon received from them such supplies as to afford 
decent burial to all, except five cases amongst the colored population. 
This small number it became necessary to commit to the earth in blankets, 
from an impossibility to procure the ordinary provision for sepulture at 
the required time. 

In consequence of fatigue and exhaustion to all who ministered upon 
the sick as nurses, it was often necessary to employ a separate set of 
hands for the hospital drudgery work. A room being set apart for the 
reception of all bodies which had died during each day, these,"after due 
preparation for burial, were placed in coffins, which were subsequently 
brought down from an upper story to the ground floor at night, in order 
that no detention should occur to their ready removal early every morn- 
ing. Speedy conveyance jof all corpses to the cemetery was a subject of 
constant care to the association, while an oppressively hot season rendered 
it imperative that information of a death in any part'of the city, should 
at once be reported, and immediate provision made for interment. So 
numerous, however, were the embarrassments for the accomplishment of 
this purpose, and in spite of every exertion, many hours often elapsed 
before dead bodies could be interred. This will not appear extraordinary 
when it is remembered that fot consecutive days forty to fifty persons 
were perishing by fever, and on some days the number reached from 70 



to 80 deaths. This at a time when nearly all were worn down by fatigue 
and illness. 

About the first of September, 1855, another institution was established 
* about which a few words may not be inappropriate. 

This is known as the "Howard Orphan Asylum." Whilst the epidemic 
continued to produce its worst ravages amongst the population of Norfolk, 
it often happened that entire families, with the exception of their youngest 
and most helpless members, were swept away. Some of these deplorable 
cases occurring just after the establishment of a city hospital, it was be- 
lieved that one large apartment in it reserved for destitute children might 
answer all temporary purposes of shelter, and furnish at the same time a 
safe-guard from starvation. Accordingly a room was provided, competent 
nurses secured, and many admitted. It was soon found that all the space 
in the hospital would be required, whilst that intended for more youthful 
inmates could not contain their fast multiplying number. 

With this burden the association felt itself rightly charged, and by the 
kind assistance of the Rev. Wm. Jackson, Rector of St. Paul's Church, a 
lecture room belonging to Christ Church congregation, on Freemason 
Street, was procured, and at once prepared with nurses, beds, and all the 
general necessaries for nursing the sick and maintaining the well. This 
institution during the month of September, contained between 75 and 100 
children, and in order to insure every assistance which was at this time 
available, it received a daily visit from Dr. R. W. Rose, a member of the 
association, and also the almost constant attendance of Commander Jas. 
L. Henderson, of the U. S. Navy, another devoted and useful member of 
the association. Nothing can better exhibit the difficulty which was en- 
countered in this undertaking, than the fact that many infants just from 
the breast were her% collected, and these, in addition to every other want, 
it was necessary to provide with wet nurses. It was peculiarly fortunate 
that the services of such worthy and competent persons as Mr. and Mrs. 
Parker, of Charleston, S. C, were secured to take charge of the establish- 
ment, who devoted themselves in the most praiseworthy manner to all the 
little sufferers under their charge, and won for themselves the lasting re- 
spect and esteem of the members of the association. When it became 
necessary for them to return to their home in South Carolina, in the 
month of October, that deserving lady, Mrs. Martha A. White, (who still 
retains the position,) was chosen matron for the asylum. In justice to her 
faithful and judicious management, the most honorable mention is due 
on the part of the association, who feel that, in addition to the necessary 
duties imposed upon her, she has exercised ever that rarer and more deli- 
cate discipline belonging to a mother in superintendence of her own family. 
We would mention a fact which recently occurred in a case when it be- 
came necessary to speak of her qualifications. One of our most talented 
and highly esteemed members of the bar, in speaking of Mrs. White, said, 



10 

u he had known her from her childhood, and if all the qualifications of 
all of the ladies in Norfolk could have been made known, she of all others 
would doubtless have been selected for the very place she now so emi- 
nently fills." Praise from such a source is no ordinary compliment ; and ' 
the association congratulates itself in having made such a judicious se^ 
lection. A subsequent removal from Freemason to Church Street was 
effected for the orphans at the commencement of the year 1856, by rent- • 
ing a large and commodious dwelling, which better answered the purpose 
of an asylum. In this they remained until January, 1857, when a perma- 
nent home was secured for them by leasing for a term of years an exten- 
sive house with large grounds, suitably adapted in every respect to the 
purposes of such an institution, in the northern part of the city. At the 
present time there are remaining in the asylum about 45 children, girls 
and bo} 7 s, varying in ages from 4 to 16 years. 

A diminution in number has occurred by returning some to relations, 
and giving others to applicants who desired their adoption. In the dis- 
charge of this last named duty, a task of a peculiar and delicate nature 
has been imposed upon the association. Yet they feel assured that every 
responsibility has been met with fidelity, as the following brief explanation 
will evince. i 

Whenever requests were made (and they came chiefly from other parts 
of the Union) for children under our charge, we required undoubted tes- 
timonials of the character of the applicants from disinterested persons. 
In every instance where a child has been given up, good evidence was ob- 
tained as to the moral standing of those about to become its future parents, 
and it may be added with pleasure, tha't pecuniary benefit and advance- 
ment in social position seem likely to accrue wherever a removal abroad 
has taken place. It may not be out of place to remark that very many 
applications for children have been rejected, because we thought the con- 
dition of them would not be promoted ; our governing principle being 
the interest and welfare of the child. The association has a fund suffi- 
cient to maintain and educate those that are now under its charge, and in 
every way prepare them for the pursuits of life, when they shall have 
reached the proper age. A competent young lady, under the supervision 
of Mrs. White, is employed as teacher. And it is gratifying to those in 
whose care the misfortunes of life have placed these bereft children, to 
know that they are making rapid progress, and seem alive to their own 
interest. In addition to this, several young gentlemen (members of the 
Christian Association of the city) have volunteered their services to es- 
tablish there a Sabbath-school. And every Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock, 
they meet at the asylum for the purpose of discharging their self-imposed 
duties. We take this occasion to tender to them our acknowledgments 
for this favor, and to bear testimony to the efficient manner in which they 
discharge their duties. Of the children it becomes our pleasing duty to 



11 

say, that in every respect they have met our most sanguine expectations. 
We think we hazard nothing in saying that a more dutiful and well-be- 
haved set of children cannot be found in any similar establishment in the 
country, and in none can brighter hopes of future usefulnessbe antici- 
pated. There are several, both male and female, we hope (notwithstand- 
ing their humble condition) to see rise above every barrier, and become 
bright and shining lights in society. The happy government under which 
we live inspires this hope, and we pledge ourselves that nothing on ur 
part shall be wanting for its accomplishment. 

An apology seems scarcely requisite to be given to the public for an 
expenditure of its contributions in the establishment and aid of an Orphan 
Asylum. In some instances, funds reached our hands with express di- 
rections that they should go to the benefit of the orphans. But in a large 
majority of cases no such intimation was made. Yet it is believed the hu- 
mane in every section of our country will look favourably upon such an 
expenditure. The association deems, that every appropriation of funds for 
the relief of sufferers by the late epidemic, is its destined employment, 
and certainly none deserve more profound sympathy and assistance than 
parentless and indigent children who are left to mourn over their bereave- 
ments caused by that dreadful pestilence. Although not originally in- 
tended for any such purpose, it is hoped that an Institution upon a per- 
manent and liberal basis, and with special design towards rearing or- 
phans, may yet prove one of the pleasing realities to be witnessed by the 
association. 

In addition to the hospitals and Asylum, a brief notice may next be 
made concerning some other minor matters of business which were per 
formed at different periods of the epidemic by members of the association. 
At a time when fears of contracting disease had seized upon all our 
population, it was apprehended that the captains and crews of the Balti- 
more steamers (then our only conveyances for provisions, &c.) might be 
in danger if their boats touched at their regular place^of landing in Nor- 
folk. To avoid such a risk, it became necessary to charter the steamer 
Princess Anne, to meet the Baltimore boats at some distance in the harbor 
below the city, and then receive the regular supply of goods, medicines, 
&c, destined for this community. This arrangement was fortunately 
very successful, and no interruption occurred in the constant receipt of 
such articles as were necessary to the support of life amongst our plague- 
stricken population. The storehouse of the "Baltimore Steam Packet 
Company" was now opened, and one of ourgassociates (W. D. Seymour) 
appointed as its keeper and superintendent. No failure arose in the dis- 
charge of this troublesome duty which sometimes required day and also 
night labor, and by its faithful performance, an inestimable blessing was 
secured not only to the suffering sick, but likewise to every inhabitant of 
the city. 



12 

So far as the distressing situation of things permitted, our association 
endeavoured to render comfortable the position of volunteer physicians and 
nurses, who had come to our aid. 'With this view, arrangements were 
made with the National Hotel (kept then "by B. B. Walters, Esq., and 
the only hotel that was kept open during the pestilence) for their accom- 
modation ; and when necessity required the attendants to lodge perma- 
nently in the hospital, boarding and meals could here be obtained without 
leaving the establishment. Besides the employment of every public con- 
veyance for medical gentlemen in their practice, requisitions from private 
citizens continued to bo made, so that vehicles, servants, and horses per- 
formed each their share of service during the season of need. Such is a 
brief recital of our affairs, without any remark concerning pecuniary ex- 
penditure which was involved in them. This point now remains to be 
briefly explained, especially since the list of disbursements furnishes only 
a short and concise statement of very important items. 

Without the most active measures on the part of the association, it is 
difficult to say what troubles might have arisen from' the delayed burial 
of the dead during the month of September, 1855. At this period, labor 
(and especially such as was demanded in the cemeteries) could not be 
procured except at very high rates. One fact in testimony of this will 
fully justify the assertion. For twenty-five extra hands who were occu- 
pied one week in digging graves five hundred dollars were paid as wages. 
The amount for funeral expenses, undertakers' bills, sundry small orders, 
&c, which stands as the first item in the list of expenses may be explained 
by mentioning that about 2,300 persons were buried by the asso- 
ciation, they furnishing coffins, and everything else required for inter- 
ment. 

Board and expenses of volunteer physicians, druggists, and nurses 
were assumed and defrayed by the association, in consideration of the 
valuable and humane assistance derived from all these worthy individuals. 
Their number amounted to over 150 strangers, many of whom passed six 
weeks in Norfolk, and the larger proportion were furnished with hotel ac- 
commodations at the rate of two dollars per day. It frequently happened 
that persons who came from a distance, did so at their own expense — 
whenever this was the case, if it came to the knowledge of the association, 
reparation was made. The expenses of all leaving were likewise paid by 
the association. 

In another part of this report mention was made of the severity of the 
winter of 1855—56. This may be here repeated in explanation of the 
very large amount that was expended for fuel. The cold season com- 
menced in November, 1855, and it was remarkably severe during the months 
of January, February, and March, 1856. Poor and helpless persons 
abounded throughout the city to an extent hitherto unknown ; and these 
it became necessary to supply with wood for nearly six months. Finding 



13 

it very inconvenient to get a supply at all times from the wood market, 
we contracted with Messrs. Ridley & Noe to furnish us with whatever 
quantity we might desire, at such places, in such quantities, and at such 
times as we might order. They faithfully performed their part of the 
contract, and delivered (at the doors of the recipients,) wood throughout 
the winter in accordance with orders from the directors of the association. 
Nearly two thousand cords, according to our books, were distributed du- 
ring the fall and winter, and these facts, together with the high price of 
fuel, will account for the large amount under this item of our disburse- 
ments. Nor will this seem so very large, when we state a fact, which we 
presume is not generally known, that nearly jive hundred families were 
dependent upon us for a large portion of their means of sustenance ; and 
for nearly all the fuel they consumed until the month of April, 1856. 

It is not intended that explanations shall be given respecting a long 
and varied series of charges placed to the account of the Orphan Asylum. 
Suffice it to say that this institution has been under the care of our as- 
sociation since Sept. 1855, and a large number of incumbents have re- 
quired support. The concern has been managed in as economical a 
manner as the comfort of the orphans and a due regard for their welfare 
would allow. As to our management, we invite the scrutiny of all who 
feel an interest in the matter, being well convinced that we need not fear 
an investigation. For a full account of receipts, disbursements, &c, we 
invite attention to the annexed statement ; and ask that forbearance, which 
we are sure will be readily awarded by a generous public. 

In view of all that has been reported, and as a final subject of remark, 
an expression of thanks from the Howard Association becomes one of its 
most important and pleasing duties. A lasting debt of gratitude on our 
part, and also of the citizens of Norfolk generally, is due to the thousands 
of humane individuals and societies throughout the United States, anil 
even in Europe, who generously gave to the relief of suffering humanity 
during the Epidemic of 1855. 

Without any intention of overlooking the smallest gifts of charity 
which have been received, and now rendering its grateful acknowledg- 
ments for all such, the association deem that some special mention of 
names will not be regarded in the light of invidious distinction. 

To the cities of New York and Philadelphia, for their very liberal and 
generous gifts in money, stores, physicians and nurses, upon the first call 
made for assistance, we now desire to render our sincere and lasting 
gratitude. Nor must it be forgotten that, on an early occasion, our fellow- 
countrymen of Boston, Salem, Newburyport, and other towns in Massa- 
chusetts, together with several of the principal cities and towns in the 
distant state of Maine, gave monied contributions, and their sincere sym- 
pathy to our suffering population. To the states of New Hampshire, 
Rhode Island, and Connecticut the same remark is true, and this gene- 



14 

rous spirit manifested on the part of our remote friends deserves on this 
special account particular commemoration and gratitude. New Jersey, 
with no intimate ties existing between her cities and Norfolk, came for- 
ward in the freest and most charitable manner when the distress of the 
place became known, as the very liberal amount acknowledged from her 
several cities and towns will show. We with pleasure accord the same 
meed of praise to Delaware, whose several towns of New Castle, Fort 
Delaware, and Smyrna, appear in the list of our benefactors. To Mary- 
land and her chief city of Baltimore, with a variety of small towns scat- 
tered over the state, the sufferers during the late epidemic are perhaps in 
a more peculiar manner indebted, than to any other quarter of the nation. 
At a period of severest affliction and want, the regular steamer plying 
between Baltimore and Norfolk continued to bring large supplies of pro- 
visions for our people when money could not purchase them. This 
service was performed too, without the charge of the first dime not only 
for stores and provisions — but physicians, nurses, agents and all persons 
in any way connected with the Howard Association, were passed free of 
charge. The citizens of our own state throughout its whole extent, in- 
cluding almost every county and town, generously administered to our 
relief. To our sister cities of Kichmond and Petersburg we are particu- 
larly indebted, for they proved themselves real friends, in our hour of 
need. Washington City and other portions of the District of Columbia 
contributed freely to our aid by remittances in money. And our fund 
was largely increased by remittances from sources near and distant over 
the entire exteift of North Carolina ; as were also our stores of provisions 
and clothing augmented from the same source. In addition to generous 
and bountiful sums from South Carolina, the association would here ac- 
knowledge the material and valuable assistance derived from that band 
of devoted and charitable physicians, nurses, and druggists of Charleston, 
who laboured with constancy upon the sick for a period of five weeks. 
Savannah and Augusta also deserve our sincere thanks for services of 
priceless worth, in sending to Norfolk skilful medical men, nurses, and 
pecuniary aid. To other portions of the State of Georgia are we likewise 
indebted for material aid. We acknowledge with grateful emotions 
valuable assistance of the same kind from the state of Alabama, and 
particularly from the city of Mobile, which sent as noble a band of phi- 
lanthropists as any state or nation can boast of. Nor can we find words to 
express our thanks to the city of New Orleans, for the noble and generous 
manner in which she responded to our call for help. No sooner had our ap- 
peal gone forth, than skilful physicians and experienced nurses rushed to 
our aid. Being the first to volunteer assistance, they were amongst the last 
to leave us. Not only north and south, but to the remotest parts of the 
United States, one singular and noble feeling of sympathy extended itself. 
Florida, in her distant peninsula; Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio, sepa- 



15 

rated from us by space and mountains ; Illinois-and Missouri, still farther 
in the west, where the scourge of Yellow Fever has never yet penetrated, — 
all at cur cry of distress, and in a spirit of exalted benevolence without a 
parallel, came to the rescue. Even to such an extraordinary degree did 
this universal charity arise, that a handsome donation from the citizens of 
Aspinwall od the American Isthmus, was received for distribution to the 
sufferers of this city. We deem it incumbent upon us to state that material 
aid was afforded by the President of the United States, and als.o by the Se- 
cretary of the Navy, together with other of our public officers. On some 
occasions remittances in money from naval officers and general crews of 
vessels, reached Norfolk, after having traversed one half the globe on 
their mission of relief to this place ; and while alluding to aid which came 
from abroad, particular notice must be taken of our worthy and generous 
countryman, Mr. Peabody, who transmitted during the epidemic a large 
amount of money from London. 

For all of the above gifts, and for all, manifestations of sympathy in our 
behalf, the association now desire to acknowledge their debt of sincere 
and profound gratitude, sensible, at the same time, that no reward can 
be offered in return for such inestimable blessings as those bestowed 
upon the people of Norfolk. Whilst cherishing a warm emotion of thank- 
fulness to our multiplied benefactors, we can only promise, that if ever 
it become our duty to lend assistance to the cause of suffering humanity, 
such an office will be performed with freer hands, and fuller hearts, from 
the remembrance of all that we have received ourselves. 

We cannot close this report without referring to others who acted a 
noble part during the pestilence. 

To her own immortal honor, (as well as for the honor of her sex, be it 
said,) that the first volunteer who offered to come to our aid as nurse, 
was Miss Annie M. Andrews, of Louisiana. She was at that time on a visit 
to her relations in Syracuse, New York ; and contrary to their admoni. 
tions, and advice, left the comforts and enjoyments of their society, to 
take up her abode amongst the sick and dying in an hospital, and to 
breathe the pestilential air of an infected city. She shrank from no 
danger, she performed with cheerfulness and alacrity every duty assigned 
her; and few, very few, even amongst the sterner sex, can be found, who 
have undergone such fearful risks, and faced such imminent dangers. She 
has won for herself a name and a fame, that will be immortal. To her, in 
a peculiar manner, do we owe a debt of gratitude. It was no doubt her 
example, that induced many others to come. Her name will be handed 
down to posterity, side by side with that of Florence Nightingale, as ex- 
amples of heroism, rarely equalled, never surpassed. 

To Moore N. Falls, Esq., the humane and enterprising President of! 
" the Baltimore Steam Packet Company" we are in a peculiar manner. 



16 

indebted, for the many and invaluable services rendered by him. But 
for him, the supp^s so lavishly bestowed upon us by a generous people, 
could not have reached us. And we here tender to him the homage of 
grateful hearts. 

We are in like manner especially indebted to F. A. Levering, Esq., 
chairman, and other gentleman of the Baltimore Relief Committee, for 
their constant and unremitting attention to our necessities. 

To the Relief Committee of Philadelphia, and particularly to their 
noble Chairman, Thomas Webster, Jr., all praise and thanks are due. 
Perhaps to him, more than to any other single individual, are we in- 
debted for money and provisions. His name is as familiar " as house- 
hold words," and will ever be cherished in grateful remembrance, not 
only by the members of the Howard Association, but by the citizens of 
Norfolk generally. Whilst naming these persons, we must not omit to 
mention the names of Dodomead, of Richmond, Paul, of Petersburg, 
Otey, of Lynchburg, Ingle, of Washington, Albright, of Lancaster, Hunt 
Macy & Soutter, of New York, together with the noble gentlemen who 
composed the several Relief Committees of Boston, Albany, Alexandria, 
Charleston, Columbia, Wilmington, N. C, Cincinnati, Lexington, Chicago, 
St. Louis, and all other cities who labored in our behalf, as being enti- 
tled to our especial thanks. In rendering this homage, we have doubt- 
less omitted many names that ought to have been mentioned; — to all of 
such, we will say that we are equally grateful to them. 

The summer and fall of 1855 has made an epoch in the history of Nor- 
folk. Never perhaps in our country's history, was any place visited with 
such an awful pestilence, never did the list of mortality for the number 
of [inhabitants rise to such a fearful height. A blow was given to the 
prosperity and advancement of our people, which will require time to 
efface. But it is not in this particular, that the most awful havoc was 
made. It was the immense sacrifice of human life, and the evils conse- 
quent thereby, that renders its recollection so painful. It is not our in- 
tention at this late day to attempt to harrow up feelings that have been 
soothed by time, or to picture any of the direful events that transpired 
during that reign of terror. Our object being simply to make honorable 
mention of some of the noble dead, who fell martyrs in the cause of suf- 
fering humanity. 

It is generally known, that the lamented Hunter Woodis was the Mayor 
of the city when the plague began. We all know with what firmness and 
undaunted courage he met the foe. Every expedient in his power was 
resorted to, to arrest its progress. He laboured "in season and out of 
season" for the accomplishment of this end. But, alas ! to no purpose. 
The fiat had gone forth: and nothing short of the power of " Him who 
ruletti" could arrest it. He did not, however, relax his energies, nor 
cease his efforts, until an arrow sped by the fatal archer pierced him ; 
end he fell (if man ever did so fall) a martyr to humanity. In his death 



17 

the city lost an invaluable officer and citizen — society an estimable mem- 
ber — and his own family, one, the kindest of husbands, and most affec- 
tionate of fathers. It is useless for us to speak of William Boyd Fergu- 
son, the first President of our association. The whole country is familiar 
w T ith his name. And in him we find another remarkable instance of self- 
sacrifice in serving his fellow man, For six weeks were his labors inces- 
sant in the direful plague. He was early in the action, and after having 
borne the brunt of the battle, when the enemy was well nigh overcome, 
and about retiring from the conflict, when the hopes of his friends were 
high that he would prove victorious, a fatal shot struck him ; and he too 
had to be taken to that cemetery, where he had but recently assisted in 
depositing the remains of so many of his fellow men. 

The names of Roberts, Tunis, Wills, Garnett, and a host of other citi- 
zens, as well as those of the Rev. Mr. Jackson, the Rev. Mr. Dibbrell, and 
the Rev. Mr. Bagnall deserve honorable mention, and a more extended 
notice. But the space we allotted will not permit us to do so here. 

The medical fraternity (both resident and volunteers) are worthy of all 
praise for their unremitting attention. We beg leave to refer to the pro- 
ceedings of a meeting of the surviving physicians in another part of this 
report, where the many virtues of the dead are noticed in more befitting 
manner than we can do it. 

We here tender our thanks to the committee of physicians who were 
appointed by the city authorities to ascertain the cause, &c, of the epidemic, 
for the privilege of including their very able report in ours, and we be- 
speak for it an attentive perusal, satisfied that it will prove to all an in- 
teresting document. 

If our calamity was unparalleled for severity, so was the sympathy 
unequalled in generosity. Nor was this spontaneous burst of feeling 
confined to.any part of the country. From every part of its boundless 
extent, North and South, East and West, did succor come. Truly may it 
be said, " That every mountain sent forth its rill, — every valley its stream, 
until an avalanche of supplies was with us.' 7 

With these few remarks, we now submit our report to the public, and 
especially to those who contributed to our relief. 
2 



18 

We, the undersigned, at the solicitation of A. B. Cooke, Esq., President 
of the Howard Association, and in accordance with the resolution of that 
body, have examined the annexed report of their monetary affairs ; and 
it gives us much pleasure to state that we find it to be correct. 

F. F. FERGUSON, 
Mayor of the City of Norfolk. 
J. JAMES MOORE, 
President of the Common Council of the City of Norfolk. 
Norfolk, September 3d, 1857. 



To Cash, Contributions received as follows, from 
1855. 

MAINE. — PORTLAND. 

Aug. 24, " N. 0. Cram, per Alex. Bell, .' . . $50 00 

Sep. 29, " N. 0. Cram, for the citizens, . . . 1,450 00 



$1,500 00 



BANGOR. 



113 


00 


80 


00 


500 
620 


00 
60 


861 


30 



Sep. 29, " Hammond Street Congregational Church, per 

E. F. Duren, . . . . ' . 50 00 

Oct. 15, " Independent Congregational Church, per K. M. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE.— Portsmouth. 
Oct. 8, " St. John's Church, per Rev. Chas. Burroughs, • 

MASSACHUSETTS.— salem. 

Sep. 20, " Jos. Andrews, Mayor, for the citizens, . • 

27, n Jos. Andrews, Mayor, for the citizens, . . 

NEWBURYPORT. 

Oct. 15, M Moses Sweetzer, for the citizens, . 

BOSTON. 

Alex. Bell, for the citizens, . . • 

Alex. Bell, for the citizens, . . . 

S. V. Smith, Mayor, for the citizens, . . 

The occupants of Faneuil Hall Market, . 

S. V. Smith, Mayor, for Commission Merchants, 

S. V. Smith, Mayor, for the citizens, 

St. Andrew's Lodge of Freemasons, . 

A. Hardy & Co., for the citizens, . . . 

W. T. Wade, per J. M. Smith & Bro., 

R. Taylor, Chief of Police, for Police Department, 

Grace Church, per Holt Wilson, . . . 

Alex. Bell, for the citizens, hal. of contribution, . 

Shoe Dealers in vicinity of Boston, per E. Grurney, 

Shoe Dealers in vicinity of Boston, per E. Ghirney, 



163 00 
80 00 

1,120 60 
861 30 



Sep. 11, 


it 


12, 


tt 


18, 


tt 


20, 


u 


21, 


St 


Oct. 3, 


tt 




It 


10, 


ft 




tt 




tl 


13, 


It 


Dec. 27, 


ft 


Sep. 27, 


tt 


Oct. 8, 


it 


Sep. 18, 


tt 


25, 


ft 


Oct. 15, 


tt 


24 


It 



500 


00 


900 


00 


3,000 


00 


300 


00 


1,330 


00 


352 


77 


100 


00 


178 


50 


19 


21 


165 


25 


75 


00 


40 


00 


100 


00 


42 


00 


20 


00 


1,000 


00 


117 


00 



- 7,102 73 



NEW BEDFORD. 

P. Gh Macomber & Son, .... 
Oliver Crocker, for the citizens, . . • 

J. B. Congdon, for the citizens, 
N. C. Whitehead, Acting Mayor of Norfolk, for 

the citizens, . . . . 6 72 

PLYMOUTH. 

Oct. 13, " W. T. Davis, for Religious Societies, . . 229 20 



1,143 72 

229 20 



Amount carried forward, . . . . $12,200 55 



19 



T6 amount brought forward, . . . 

1855. 

MARBLEHEAD. 

Oct. 8, " Old St. Michael's Church, per Rev. J. B. Rich- 
mond, ...... 



$12,200 55 



Sep. 27, " E. T. Ingells, 



HAVERHILL. 



LYNN. 



Sep. 27, " Baker & Bro., .... 

b RHODE ISLAND.— providence. 

Sep. 13, " J. Y. Smith, Mayor, for the citizens, 
Oct. 2, " J. Y. Smith, Mayor, for the citizens, 

20, " J. Y. Smith, Mayor, for the citizens, ; 

NEWPORT. 

Aug, 18, « H. L. Shields, .... 

31, * Mrs. R. P. Hart, . 
Sep. 12, " H. L. Shields, . . 

BRISTOL. 

Oct. 20, " W. H. Baylor, for the citizens, 

CONNECTICUT.— new haven. 
Sep. 7, " Alfred Blackman, Mayor, for the citizens, 



HARTFORD. 



Sep. 20, " Caleb Pond, 

24, " Col. Samuel Colt, 



Aug. 18, " 
tt 

27," 

28," 

it 

tt' 

29, " 

31, " 
tt 

u 

ri 

u 
tt 
ic 
a 
u 
a 
tt 
a 
tt 

18, " 

24, 'f 
tt 

tt 



Sep. 1, 
10, 

13, 
14, 
17, 

18, 
Oct. 3, 
10, 



NEW YORK. — NEW YORK CITY. 

James T. Soutter, . . . 

Blow & March, and others, 

W. H. Macy, Treasurer for the citizens, 

R. M. McDonald & Co., . 

Jullien's Opera Troupe, 

Mr. Perry, Agent for London Publication Co., 

" Widow's Mite," . . ' . 

"New York," . 

John W. Fauquier, 

James T. Soutter, for the citizens, 

W. H. Macy, " - « 

James T. Soutter, «« " 

James T. Soutter, " " 

W. H. Macy, " « 

W. H. Macy, " « 

James T. Soutter, " " 

James T. Soutter, " 

W. H. Macy, " 

W. H. Macy, " 

" Know Nothing," . 

C. W. Van Ness and friends, 

Mason & Dodge, 

W. H. Macy, for the citizens, 

Elias Wade, Jr., 

New York Orphan Fund, . 



Amount carried forward, 



tt 



$125 00 



20 00 



25 00 



125 00 



20 00 



25 00 



1,000 


00 


1,000 


00 


114 


00 


25 


00 


30 


00 


22 


00 



66 66 



2,114 00 



77 00 



66 66 



1,025 10 
1,025 10 



25 00 
100 00 



100 00 

320 00 

3,000 00 

20 00 

30 00 

100 00 

4 00 
10 00 

5 00 
2,412 00 
2,000 00 
1,000 00 
1,500 00 
2,500 00 
9,000 00 
1,000 00 
2,000 00 

500 00 

1,500 00 

5 00 

30 00 

25 00 

900 00 

50 00 



125 00 



3,500 00 



— 31,511 00 
$47,289 31 



20 



1855. 



To amount brought forward, 



$47,289 31 



NEW-YORK CONTINUED.— Brooklyn. 



SOUTH HAVEN. 






1,007 07 


• • 

WEST POINT. 


• 


1 00 


1 00 


• • 


• 


15 00 


15 00 


ROCHESTER. 





Aug. 28, " Mechanics and Labourers at U. S. Navy Yard, 1,002 07 
Nov. 23, " " Lady," . . . . . 5 00 

Aug. 27, " E. T. Smith, 

Dec. 19, " D. H. Mahan, 

Dec. 1, " Jacob Anderson, .... 

WILLIAMSBURG. 

Oct. 8, " Revd. J. D. Wells, for Presbyterian Church, 

POUGHKEEPSIE. 

Sep. 15, " James Emott, Mayor, for the citizens, • 

18, " James Emott, Mayor, do. do. . 

,20," James Emott, Mayor, do. do. 

24, i( James Emott, Mayor, do. do. 

ALBANY. 

Oct. 10, " C. P. Williams, for the citizens, 
Nov. 7, " C. P. Williams, do. do. 

" C. P. Williams, for children of school celebration, 10 00 

buffalo. 
Oct. 8, " St. Paul's Epis'l. Church, per R«vd. Dr. Shelton, 105 00 



10 00 



100 00 



320 


00 


150 


00 


250 


00 


1SL 


50 


1,600 


00 


257 


82 



NEW JERSEY — trenton. 

Sep. 20. « T. J. Stryker, for First Presbyterian Church, 
21, " Workmen of Locomotive and Machine Works, 

PRINCETON. 

Sep. 21, " Geo. T. Olmstead, for the citizens, 
26, " Geo. T Olmstead, for the citizens, 
21," J.B.Hill, . 

BURLINGTON 

Sep. 26, " John Rogers, Grand Master I. O. O. F, 
" Holt Wilson, for the citizens, 

MORRISTOWN 

Sep. 8, u J. D. Johnson, for the citizens, 
29, ** J. D. Johnson, for the citizens, 

NEWARK. 

Sep. 14, " Silas Merchant, for the citizens, 
Oct. 10, " W. J. Poiner, for the citizens, 
Dec. 21," Silas Merchant, for the citizens, 

JERSEY CITY. 

Oct. 15, " A. V.. Zabrieskie, for the citizens, 
Amount carried forward, 



504 25 
129 25 



127 51 

328 62 
603 00 



20 


00 


25 


00 


139 


25 


13 


00 



10 00 



100 00 



901 50 



1,867 82 



105 00 



633 50 



1,059 13 



45 00 



152 25 



1,000 00 

988 22 

119 13 . 
2,107 35 



1,051 53 



1,051 53 



$56,345 46 



21 



1855. 



To amount brought forward, 



$56,345,46 



NEW JERSEY CONTINUED.— perth Amboy. 
Oct. 19, " Ladies, St. Peter's Church, . . . 42 00 



SHREWSBURY. 

Oct. 24, " Capt Carpender, for Christ and Trinity Churches, 64 17 



42 00 



64 17 



SEVERAL PARISHES. 



Nov. 7, " J. W. Hays, 



Aug 


• 17, 




IS, 




19, 




21, 




22, 




23, 




25, 




25, 




26, 




29, 




29, 


Sept 


. 6, 




8, 




10, 




12, 




13, 




13, 




14, 




15, 




15, 




20, 




20, 




20, 




20, 




20, 


Aug. 


30, 


Sep. 


21, 


Sep. 


27, 


Nov. 


13, 


Aug. 


30, 


Sep. 


13, 


Oct. 


13, 



do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 


do. 



Sep. 



Oct. 



PENNSYLVANIA— PHILADELPHIA. 

(< Thomas Webster, Jr., for the citizens, 

" Thomas Webster, Jr., 

" Thomas Webster, Jr., 

u Thomas Webster, Jr., 

" Thomas Webster, Jr-, 

" Thomas Webster, Jr., 

" Thomas Webster, Jr., 

" J. W. Kerr, 

" Thomas Webster, Jr., 

" Thomas Webster, Jr., for Workmen at U. S. Navy 

Yard, 
" Thomas Webster, Jr., for Catholic Churche 
" Thomas Webster, Jr., for the citizens, 
" Thomas Webster, Jr., do. do. 
" Thomas Webster, Jr., do. do. 
" W. F. Green, for Sons of Temperance, 
" Dutch Band, 

l< Clerks in Philadelphia Bank, 
" Thomas Webster, Jr., for the citizens, 
" Thomas Webster, Jr., do. do. 
" Dr. Campbell, . . . 

" J. L. L., . 
" Dubosq, Carrow & Co., . 
" H. Dubosq & Bro., 
" J. M. Harper, 
" Philadelphia Orphan Fund, 

LANCASTER. 

" Workmen in H. C. Locker's Morocco Factory, 
" J. Allbright, Mayor, for the citizens, per Holt 

Wilson, ..... 

" J. Allbright, Mayor, for the citizens, per Holt 

Wilson, ..... 

" J. Allbright, Mayor, for the citizens, per Holt 

Wilson, ..... 

COLUMBIA. 

" Dr. Smith for the citizens, . . . 

" Samuel Shock, ..... 
«' Employees on Phila. and Columbia Rail Road, . 



YORK. 

7, " Small & Smyser, . . . . 

14, " Geo S. Morris, for Mt. Zion Lodge and Mount 

Vernon Encampment, I. O. O. F., . . 

18, " David B. Prince, for Freemasons, . . 

13, " E. H. Weiser, for the citizens, 



164 49 164 49 



. 600 


00 


600 


00 


600 


00 


600 


00 


1,400 


00 


600 


00 


1,200 


00 


25 


00 


600 


00 


909 


16 


306 


69 


603 


00 


300 


00 


1,005 


00 


20 


00 


100 


00 


30 


00 


3,000 


00 


1,926 


15 


50 


00 


5 


00 


25 00 


10 


00 


15 


00 


1,600 


00 


20 


00 


600 


00 


600 


00 


51 


50 


175 


00 


10 


00 


505 


00 



16,130 00 



1,271 50 



690 00 



20 00 



50 00 




10 00 




15 00 






95 00 





Amount carried forward, 



$74,802 62 



22 

To amount brought forward, . . . $74,802 62 

1S55. 

PENNSYLVANIA CONTINUED.— harrisburg. 

Sep. 15, " J. W. Wier, Treas. for the citizens, . 550 00 

24, " J. W. Wier, Treas. for the citizens, . 34 33 

Oct. 8, " I. 0. O. F., per Holt Wilson, . . 12 50 



READING. 

Sep. 20, " Revd. M. C. Lightner, Rector of Christ Church, 

29, " Thomas Webster, Jr, for the citizens, . 
Nov. 7, " W. M. Baird, Mayor, for the citizens, 

EASTON. 

Sep. 24, " T. Mc. Keen, for the citizens, 

ERIE. 

Sep. 24, " J. Sweeny, for Presque Lodge, I. O. O. F., . 

"WEST CHESTER. 

Sep. 26, « D. Mc. Conkey, .... 

COATESVILLE. 

Sep. 28, " J. B. Smithson, for Star of Hope Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., 20 00 

POTTSTOWN. 

Oct. 29, " J. Yocum, per D. H. Leaf, 

30, " W. D. Evans, for the citizens, 

LUZERNE CO. 

Sep. 5, " Chas. Minor, .... 

DELAWARE.— Wilmington. 

Sep. 13, il H. F. Askew, for the citizens, 

23, " Lodge No 1. Freemasons, . 

Oct. 18, " H. F. Askew, for the citizens, 

Nov. 12, " Workmen in McCullough and Co's. Iron Works, 

NEW-CASTLE. 

Sep. 19, " W. Couper, for St. John's Lodge, Freemasons, 
" W. Couper, for the citizens, 

FORT DELAWARE. 

Sep. 29, " Officers, Mechanics, & Labourers, per Major Saunders, 

357 00 

SMYRNA. 

Oct. 3, " Stockley & Cummings, for the citizens, 

MARYLAND.— BALTIMORE. 

Aug. 15, " E. S. Pegram, 

17, " Baltimore Steam Packet Company, 

18, " Barnum & Co., 
20, " E. H. Stabler & Co., 

" Barnum & Co., 

25, " Berrada & Bros., 

28, " Robinson, Lord <fc Co., 

30, " Baltimore Stock Board, per Seth Reid, 

31, ** W. Knabe, for self and German friends, 



100 

453 

26 


00 
33 
48 


410 


50 


10 


00 


5 00 


20 


00 


3 

350 


00 
00 


10 


00 


750 
25 

594 
42 


00 
00 
00 
50 


108 
126 


00 
00 



200 


00 


50 


00 


600 


00 


200 00 


7 15 


100 00 


250 


00 


25 


00 


100 


00 


64 


50 



596 83 



579 81 



410 50 



10 00 



5 00 



20 00 



353 00 



10 00 



1,411 50 

234 00 

357 00 
200 00 



Amount carried forward, . . 1,396 65 $78,990 26 



23 



1855. 



To amount brought forward, 



$7S,990 26 



Aug. 31, " 
Sep. 12, " 
Oct. 29, " 

Nov. 23, « 
Dee. 5, " 



MARYLAND CONTINUED.— Baltimore. 

Brought forward, .... 

Barnum & Co., ..... 

W. N. Newman, ..... 

First English Lutheran Church, per John Weide- 
baugh, ...... 

Barnum & Co., ..... 

A few Ladies of 5th Presbyterian Church, .. 

In addition to the above contributions from 
Baltimore, there was remitted from other places 
to W. H. Brune, Treasurer of Relief Committee, 
$12,683 61, (see statement, p. ) which amount, 
together with contributions in Baltimore, was ex- 
pended for supplies of various kinds, and for- 
warded here, (see statement,, page ) say 
$26,000, and compensation to Physicians and 
Nurses, Medicine, Travelling Expenses, <fcc, Ac, 
$4,500. Total, $30,500. 

ANNAPOLIS. 



1,396 

100 

10 

151 

100 
15 



65 

00 
00 

25 

00 
00 



Sep. 6, " 

10, " 
a 



Sons of Temperance, 
W. M. Hohne, for Masonic Lodge No. 89, 
St. Anne's Church, . . 

20, " Catholic Church, per John "Walton, 

" Presbyterian Church, . . . 



FREDERICK. 

Sep. 6, *' John Loats, for the citizens, . • 

15, " Young Ladies, Female Seminary, 

hagerstown. 
Sep. 10, " Fred. K. Bryan, . 
Oct. 3, « W. M. Marshall, for several Churches, 
23, " "W. M. Marshall, for the citizens, . 

ANNE ARUNDEL CO. 

Oct. 31, " .Col. Sellman, per W. H. Brune, . . .10 

•* George Peabody, of London, per W. H. Brune, . 500 



40 


00 


96 


00 


. 310 


00 


43 


54 


60 


00 


. 211 


00 


. 113 


25 


50 


00 


. 356 


50 


. 151 


61 



00 
00 



Aug. 15, " 

18, « 

19, " 



20, 
23, 



24, 
24, 
25, 



a 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.— Washington city. 

Chubb Bros., for the citizens, 

Chubb Bros., for the citizens, 

Chubb Bros., for Kunkle's Opera Troupe, 

Chubb Bros., for Comptroller's Office, 

Chubb Bros., for Heads of Bureaux, and Clerks 

in Navy Department, . . 

Chubb Bros., for the citizens, 
J. C. & H. Williard, 
Chubb Bros., for the citizens, 
Fitzhugh Coyle, .... 
Chubb Bros., for the citizens, 
Franklin Pierce, President, United States, 
Chubb Bros, for the citizens, 
Sweeny, Rittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 
J. W. Forney, Clerk of the House of Rep., and 

others in that office, 
Sweeny, Rittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 



Amount carried forward, 



1,772 90 



549 54 



324 25 



358 11 



510 00 



. 100 


00 


. 100 


00 


25 


00 


62 50 


s 

. 128 


50 


34 


00 


20 


00 


. 100 


00 


50 


00 


50 


00 


50 


00 


. 300 


00 


258 


50 


200 


00 


112 


00 


1,590 


50 


• 


$82,505 06 



24 



To amount brought forward, 



$82,505 06 



1855. 



Aug 


25." 




26," 




29," 




tt 




it 




30," 




tt 




31," 




u 




« 




« 


Sep. 


2," 




« 




4," 




<< 




« 




6," 




u 




<< 




8," 




12," 




it 




14, " 




<< 




« 




15, " 




tt 




tt 




16," 




19, « 




« 




21," 




« 




24," 




25," 




26, " 




27," 


Oct. 


1. « 




6," 




31," 


Nov 


. 7," 


Nov 


. 12," 


* 


« 


23," 




tt 



DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA CONTINUED.— Washington citt. 

Brought forward, - . . . 1,590 50 

Bevd. Timothy O'Toole, . - . . 350 00 

Chubb Bros., for the citizens, . ' • . 200 00 

Workmen on Capitol extension, . . 176 00 

Provest, Winter & Co., ... 100 00 

Sweeny, Rittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 118 50 

Trinity Episcopal Church, . . . 115 23 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 25 00 

Bevd. Dr. Donolan's Church, . . 325 00 

Pranklin Fire Company, . . . 56 50 

St. Peter's Church, .... 61 56 

Chubb Bros., for tho citizens, . . 38 50 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 112 00 

Chubb Bros., do. do. 400 00 

Sweenv, Bittenhouse & Co., do. do. 96 50 

Genl. Winfield Scott, ... 10 00 

Dr. Thomas Lawson> . . . . 10 00 

Naval Masonic Lodge, per G. B. Govan, 20 00 

Chubb Bros., for the citizens, . . 200 00 
Merchants Exchange Association, for the citizens, 700 00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., do. do. 71 97 
Merchants Exchange Association, for the citizens, 180 00 
Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., do. do. 150 00 

Trinity Church, . . . . 163 47 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 173 94 

J. P. Ingle, do. do. 250 00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., do. do. 266 00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for Primary School, 6 37 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for Allen S. Izard, • 100 00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 125 S5 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., forHhe citizens, 259 15 

John P. Ingle, for the citizens; . . 400 00 

John P. Ingle, for the citizens, . . 500 00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 132 38 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co. for the citizens, 436 75 

Chubb Bros., for the citizens, . . 145 14 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 1,047 25 

John P. Ingle, for the citizens, . . 500 00 

Hon. P. V. Daniel, . . . 40 00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 222 55 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, 76 75 

John P. Ingle, for the citizens, . . ' 246 59 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co, for the citizens, . 193 41 

J, C. Picket, . . . . 10 00 

Cbubb Bros , for the citizens, . . . 86.00 

Sweeny, Bittenhouse & Co., for the citizens, . 3 75 



GEORGETOWN. 

Sep. 10,"" F. & A. H. Dodge, for the citizens, 
Oct. 6, " W. H. Edes, do. do. 

30, " Christ Church, per Bev. Wm. Norwood, 

VIRGINIA.— NORFOLK. 

" H. Allmand, Jr., 

" J. H. Behan, .... 
" Alex. Bell, .... 

" Balls, Santos & Co., . . . 



Amount carried forward, 



440 00 
200 00 
406 29 



50 00 

100 00 

50 00 

20 00 

220 00 



10,492 61 



1,046 29 



$94,043 96 



25 



185 5. 



To amount brought forward, 

VIRGINIA CONTINUED 

Brought forward, » 

" Kader Biggs, . 

•* Bank of Virginia, 

" T. J. Corprew, . 

«' P. P. Clements, 

'* Mrs. Chandler, 

"■ Francis De Cordy, 

«' H. A. Dwight, . 

" Bixon & Hallett, 

" Walter J. Doyle, 

'* Richard Dickson, 

" Miss G- Fisher, 

" Alex. Gait, 

" John D. Gordon, 

" Wm. A. Graves, 

u H. B. Grigsby, 

" James Gordon, 

" W. W. Hall, . 

(i Charles Harris, 

" W. T. Hendren, 

** Hardy & Bros., 

" John Hipkins, . 

" Henry Irwin, . 

" G. P. R. James, 

" Mrs. J. D Johnson, 

" Mr. Kevill, 

" W. W. Lamb, . 

" John S. Millson, 

a George Mcintosh, 

" Barney Myers, 

" John D. Myrick, 

" C. F. Martin, 

" S. W. Paul, . 

" J. G. Pollard, 

t( Rowland Bros., 

" John H. Rowland, 

" W. V. Robinson, 

'« Wm. D. Roberts, 

" Harrison Robertson, 

" E. C. Robinson, 

" T. J. D. Rielly, 

" Rowe & Co., . 

" W. P. Stewart & Co., 

" J J. Simpkins, 

" Geo. Staylor, . 

" J. Marsden Smith, 

" W. C. Southgate, 

" W. P. Stewart, 

6 J. M. Steed, . 

" Chas. H. Shield, 

" L. W. Tazewell, 

° John Tunis, . 

" Wm. E Taylor, 

" Wm. H. Talbot, 

« E. P. Tabb & Co., 

*' Mrs. Virginia Taylor, 

" J. W. Whitehurst & Co., 

" L. We stray, . . 

" J. Cary Weston, . 

Amount carried forward. 



$94,043 96 



Norfolk. 


220 00 




100 00 




100 00 




25 00 




25 00 




2 50 




10 00 




5 00 




20 00 




20 00 




50 00 




10 00 




- 10 00 




100 00 




115 00 




50 00 




50 00 




100 00' 




100 00 




30 00 




100 00 




25 00 




25 00 




100 00 




10 00 




5 00 




50 00 




30 00 




100 00 




2 00 




25 00 




10 00 




50 00 




25 00 




100 00 




100 00 




75 00 




100 00 




20 00 




5 00 




40 00 




15 00 




25 00 




5 00 




25 00 




20 00 




5 00 




10 00 




10 00 




20 00 




100 00 




100 00 




300 00 




50 00 




50 00 




25 00 




100 00 




5 00 




*-50 00 



3,054 50 $94,043,96 



26 



1855. 



To amount brought forward, 



$94,043 96 



VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— Norfolk. 



ti 



u 



Brought forward, 
Geo. R. Wilson, 
Mrs. Whittle, 
Win. C. Williams, 
Thos. B. West, 
Richd. B. Wright, 
Four Ladies, . 
Sundry persons, 
Geo. Blow, • 



ALEXANDRIA. 



Sep. 2, " Geo. Washington Parke Custis, 

3, " Columbia Baptist Association, per S. P. Hill, 
5, " G. P. Wise, Mayor, for the citizens, 

W. H. Marbury, for Sons of Temperance, 
Orange and Alexandria Railway Company, 
Oct. 30, " G. P. Wise, Mayor, for Miss L. Randolph, 

AMELIA CO. 



12' " 
it 



Sep. 13, « 
15, " 


G. W. Memford, for the citizens, 
Dr. Mebane, and L. Martin, 




APPOMATTOX CO. 


Sep. 13, « 


Sterling C. Anderson, 




ALDEN. 


Sep. 15, « 


J. S. Oden, for the citizens, . 




AMHERST CO. 


Sep. 21, « 


J. M. Otey, Cashr. for the citizens, 



ALBEMARLE CO. 



Aug. 31, " N. H. Massie, for Lodge No 60. Charlottesville, 

" N. H. Massie, for the citizens, , 
Sep. 13, « W. M. Nelson, Rector Christ Church, St. Ann's 
Parish, ..... 



ACCOMACK CO. 



Oct. 6, " T. R. Joynes, for the citizens, 

" A. Wallace, for Garrison's M. E. Church, 



BEDFORD CO. 



Sep. 20, " J. M. Otey, Cash., for the citizens, . 
Nov. 23, " R. D. Buford, 

" Holt Wilson, for the citizens, 



BOTETOURT CO. 



Aug. 16, " Wm. R. Gait, Pattonsburg, . 

Sep. 8, " J. Anthony, Buchanan, for the citizens, 
15, " High Bridge Presbyterian Church, 
17, " L. U. Mayo, for Jas. Evans, Masonic Lodge, Bu- 
chanan, .... 



Amount carried forward, 



3,054 50 
10 00 
5 00 
100 00 
10 00 
20 00 
20 00 
50 00 
20 00 



. 10 


00 


41 


63 


700 00 


20 


00 


140 


00 


10 


00 



168 80 
25 00 



5 


00 


50 00 


75 


00 



50 00 
296 54 

54 25 



225 00 
40 00 



3,289 50 



921 63 



193 80 



5 00 



50 00 



75 00 



400 79 



265 00 



%, 



300 00 

40 00 

101 82 



10 00 

100 00 

33 50 

50 00 



441 82 



193 50 



$99,S80 00 



\ 



27 



1855. 
Sep. 7, " 



Sep. 8, « 
20," 

Oct. 3, " 
15," 



To amount brought forward, 



VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— Cumberland co. 



M. B. Carrington, for the citizens, 

CHRISTIANSBURQ. 

John C. Wade, and others, 
Holt Wilson, for the citizens, 
Holt Wilson, for the citizens, 
John C. Wade, fur Dr. M. A. Wilson, 



CHARLOTTE CO. 

Sep. 10, " W. T. Scott, for the citizens, 
" W. W. Read, 



Sep. 13, " 
15, " 



a 



Sep. 15, " 



Sep. 18, « 



Sep. 28, « 
Oct. 18, « 



CHESTERFIELD CO. ' 

J. H. Cox, for Agricultural Club, 
Win. Ambers, for the citizens, . 

Workmen in Manchester Factory, . 

Macon Trabue, per Revd. L. M. Lee, 

CAMPBELL CO. 

Stephen T. Peters, for the citizens, . 

CAROLINE CO. 

Goshen Baptist Association, per Holt Wilson, 
St. Luke's Church, per Holt Wilson, 

CLARKE CO. 

T. Smith, for the citizens of Berryville, 
T. H. Crow, for Musical Association of Berry- 
ville, ...... 

T. Smith, for the citizens, 



Dec. 20, " 
Oct. 10, " 
Aug. 22, " " Humanity," 



CULPEPPER CO. 

J. G. Field, for the citizens, 

DINWIDDLE CO. 



ESSEX CO. 



Sep. 26, " 
u 



Aug. 18, " 

24," 

t< 

Sep. 18, " 
Oct. 3, " 




R. L. Pendleton, for the citizens, . 

Dr. Brockenbrough, " H 

W. K. Gordan, " " 

FREDERICKSBURG. 

A "Gentleman," .... 

Jno. S. Caldwell, for the citizens, 

Unknown donor, .... 

Henry Robinson, 1 

L. Y. Atkins, for Presbyterian Church, . 

L. Y. Atkins, for a member of Presbyterian 

church, .... 

P. Slaughter, for the citizens, . . 

N. C. Whitehead, for the citizens, 

FARMVILLE. 

" Amicus," .... 

F. W. Watkins, for the citizens, . . 

Amount carried forward, . 



41 83 



90 


00 


17 


31 


26 27 


5 


00 



$99,880 00 



41 83 



140 00 
5 00 



51 50 
10 00 



265 95 

38 00 
25 00 



400 00 



5 00 



45 


00 


85 


67 


. 257 


00 


10 


00 


. 343 


13 


5 00 


10 


00 


65 


89 


2 

3 


50 


83 


41 


41 


56 



5 00 
376 40 



138 58 



145 00 



30 00 

200 00 

32 25 

2 50 


264 75 
53 73 


53 73 



61 50 



328 95 



400 00 



5 00 



387 67 



562 49 



381 40 $102,269 50 



28 



To amount brought forward, . ♦ . 

1855. 

VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— farmville. 
Brought forward, .... 
Oct. 3j " F. W. Watkins, for the citizens, . 

FAIRFAX co. 

Aug. 18, " Thomas K. Love, .... 

Sep. 15, ' Thomas Moore, for thecitizens, .. . . 

Oct. 2, ** Fort Union Division, Sons of Temperance, . 
" A " Friend," ..... 

8," Fork Church, per Holt Wilson, . 



$102,269 50 



FAUQUIER CO. 



Sep. 5, a Two Ladies, 



Sep. 14, " 
18, " 
22, " 
26," 



381 40 
203 00 



20 


00 


80 


00 


25 


00 


5 


00 


18 


00 


40 


00 



. 100 


00 


73 


08 


. 100 


00 


76 


50 


. 139 


67 



25 00 
255 00 



GLOUCESTER CO. 

J. W. Stubbs, for Bellamy's Church, 
P. A. Peterson, for Shackiesford's Chapel, 
Robert C. Selden, 

Alexander Dudley, for citizens 4 of Gloucester 
King William, King and Queen, &c, 
Oct. 8, " W. P. Smith, for the citizens, 

HENRICO CO. 

Sep. 29, " James Ellett, for the citizens, . . . 373 62 

Oct. 18, " James Ellett, " " ... 77 26 

HAMPTON. 

Aug. 26, « Dr. Semple, .... 
28, " Massenburg & Cary, for the citizens, . 



HALIFAX co. / 

Sep, 6, '* Johnson & Pugh, for the citizens, 

11, " J. E. Haskins, for the citizens, Clarksville, 
" b arksdale & Peirce, do. 

18, " Christ Church, Roanoke Parish, per Rev. J. T. 

Clarke, ..... 

" E. T. James, per Bacon & Bnskerville, 
26, " S. H. Harris, for citizens of Clarksvil'e, 
Oct. 2, " W. H. Gee, for Sons of Temperance, Clarksville, 
17, " Rev. John Grammer, for his congregation, . 
«' Rev. John Grammer, for W. H. Clarke, 
Sep. 21, " W. H. Clarke, Scottsburg, 

'* W. J. Salmons, for the citizens, Scottsburg, . 

HAMPSHIRE CO. 

Oct. 3, " Arabella Foote, of Romney, . . » 

JEFFERSON CO. 

Sep. 4, " D. Howell, for the citizens, ... 
6, " D. Howell, do. do. . . . 

12, " D. Howell, do. do. ... 

19, " J. F. Hamtranck, for citizens of Shepherdstown, 
22, " D. Howell, for the citizens, . . 

25, " Ladies of Charleston, .... 

" J. M. Carter, do. for ladies of town and vicinity, 
Oct. 18, " D. Howell, for the citizens, 



70 


00 


86 


00 


102 


58 


75 


00 


5 


00 


16 


00 


50 


00 


202 


25 


50 


00 


50 


00 


103 


00 



5 00 



584 40 



100 00 



48 00 



40 00 



489 25 



450 88 



280 00 



809 83 



5 00 



Amount carried forward, 



81 25 




120 00 




100 00 




100 00 




50 00 




10 00 




10 00 




44 75 






516 00 




$105 


592 86 



29 

To amount brought forward, . . . $105,592 86 

1855. 

VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— isle of wight co. 



Aug. 24, « J. G. Whitfield, for the citizens, . . 40 00 

2S, " R. H. Whitfield, do. do. . . 60 00 

KING WILLIAM CO. 

Sep. 15, ** W. T. Samuel, for the citizens, 

" Rev. C. H. Boggs, for Powell's Chapel, 
Oct. 8, " W. T. Samuel, for the citizens, 

KANAWHA CO. 

Sep. 28, " A. Murray, and others, 

Oct. 2, " J. M. Doddridge, for citizens of Maiden Salines, 
6, '< J. M. Doddridge, do do. . 

10, " Kanawha Division, Sons of Temperance, per 
Holt Wilson, . . . * 

LOUDON CO. 

Aug. 28, « R. H. Dulany,for the citizens, . . 100 00 

25, « Mrs. L. R. Minor, Leesburg, . . . 10 00 

Sep. 15, " W. A. Powell, for the citizens, Leesburg, . 600 00 

25, " W. A. Powell, do. do. . . 735 85 

Oct. 15, « W. A. Powell, do. do. . . 14 00 



143 18 


9 00 


94 50 


5 00 


125 00 


150 00 


25 00 



LAWRENCEVILLE. 

Aug. 31, " D. T. Poyner, for the citizens, . . 213 50 



LEWISBURG. 

Sep. 2, " J. D. Johnson, for Historical Society, 

4, " T. Matthews, for the citizens, . . 

15, " T. Matthews, do. do. 

LYNCHBURG. 

Aug. 20, '« J. M. Otey, for the citizens, 

Sep. 8, « A. White & Son, .... 

17, " Lynchburg Musical Society, per D. A. Langhome, 
« St. Paul's Episcopal Church, per Revd. W. H. 

Knickle, .... 

18, " Baptist Church, .... 
" Methodist E. Church, 

20, " Employees of Virginia & Tennessee R. R. Co., 
Oct. 1, " Sunday School, 2nd Presbyterian Church, . 

LOUISA CO. 

Sep. 15, " Alex. Garrett, for the citizens, . . 

21, " Laily's church, per Revd. L. M. Lee, . 

LANCASTER CO. 

Sep. 28, " R. H. Edwards, for the citizens, 

MADISON CO. 

Sep. 10, " Nelson W. Cuiler, for the citizens, . ♦ 

MONROE CO. 

Sep. 27, " J. A. Smith, Union, for the citizens, * 



15 


00 


44 


25 


51 


00 


500 


00 


10 


00 


56 


00 


345 


00 


57 


50 


80 


64 


45 


00 


5 


00 


74 50 


20 


00 



301 


89 


33 


50 


50 


00 



100 00 



246 68 



305 00 



1,459 85 



213 50 



110 25 



1,099 14 



94 50 



301 89 



33 50 



50 00 
Amount carried forward, . . $109,607 17 



30 



1855. 
Sep. 16, « 



Sep. 15, " 
22," 

Oct. 10, « 
29, " 

Nov. 7," 



To Amount brought forward, . • $109,607 17 

VIRGINIA CONTINUED— matthews co. 
Holt Wilson, for the citizens, . . 35 00 



MECKLENBURG CO. 

T. M. Kidder, for Sons of Temperance, 
R. B. Baptist, for citizens of Boydton, 
R. B. Baptist, do. do. 
R. B. Baptist, do. do. . • 

R. B. Baptist, do. do. . . 



NORTHAMPTON CO. 



Sep. 6, " Unknown donor, 



Sep. 


11,' 


t 




21, 


tt 


Oct. 


6, 


■t 




8, 


a 


Sep. 
Dec. 


IV, 
5, 


tt 

it 


Sep. 


11, 

20, 


(( 
u 




26, 


tt 


Oct. 


6, 


a 


Sep. 


22, 
26, 






28, 


(i 


Nov 


6, 


tt 




23, 


(( 


Sep. 


28, 




Aug 


23, 

25, 


tt 

a 


Oct. 


13, 


it 


Aug 


28, 
29, 


tt 


Sep. 


7, 
17, 


u 




18, 


tt 




26, 


(t 


Oct. 


3, 


(( 




18, 





NOTTOWAY CO. 

E. P. Wilson, for the citizens, 
E. P. Wilson, do. do. 

E. P. Wilson, do. do. 

E. P. Wilson, do. do. 

NELSON CO. 

J. M. Otey, for citizens of Lovingston, . 
Holt Wilson, for citizens of Tye River, 

NANSEMOND CO. 

"A Lady "per J.,R. Kilby, . 
Mr. Riddick, and others, . . . 

M. Briggs, ..... 

Dr. R. H. Webb, and others, . 

NORFOLK CO. 

Baptist Church, North West, per Holt Wilson, 
Citizen's North Side Western Branch, per Holt 

Wilson, . . . . . 

A. R. Elliott and Miss Harvey, 
Oak Grove Church, .... 
Oak Grove Church, . . . 

OLD POINT. 

Jas. Maurice, for tho citizens, , . . 

Maj. J. G. Martin, for the Officers and others, 

ORANGE CO. 

Col. Walker, for Rev. L. M. Lee, 

Ladies of Locust Grove, . . . 

J. Earnest, Pastor of St. Thomas Church, 

PETERSBURG. 

"Amicus," .... 

"Humanity," of Dinwiddie, . . 

Mrs. Mary R. Cassells, ' . . 

H. C. Hardy, for the citizens and others, 

E. B. Branch, for J. Eubank of Lunenburg, 

A Lady, 

Mcllvaine*& Hardy, for the citizens, ; . 

Five Ladies, per E. T. Hardy, . 

Miss R. B. Hicks, per Miss Martha Haines Butt, 



Amount carried forward, 





15 00 






182 50 






57 41 






100 00 






91 88 


446 79 


• 


10 00 






10 00 


• 


205 25 


* 


40 00 




• 


41 22 




m 


53 00 





107 45 
37 50 



11 


00 


15 


00 


25 


00 


62 


50 



4 33 

62 50 
35 00 
40 00 
15 00 



103 00 
153 75 



339 47 



144 95 



113 50 



156 83 



256 75 



20 00 




15 00 




144 00 






179 00 


15 00 


5 00 




5 00 




1,523 01 




10 00 




10 00 




842 95 




51 00 




8 00 






2,469 96 




$113,759 42 



1855. 



31 

To amount brought forward, 

VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— Pittsylvania co. 



Sep. 2. " "A Friend," $10, « J. L," $5, 

10, " A. S. Buford, for citizens of Danville, . 

22, " R. W. Lyle, " " . 

Oct. 6, " A. S. Buford, » « . 

" A. T. Oberchair, Parrow & Sweeny's Concert, 
10, " S. W. Smith, for the citizens, 
" A. S. Buford, « " 

PRINCE GEORGE CO. 

Sep. 7, " W. B. Harrison, per T. Branch & Son, . 50 00 
" R. Harrison, B. H. Harrison, Julian Harrison, 

per T. Branch & Son, . . . 75 00 

8, « W. E. Wells, .... 10 00 

19, " W. B. Harrison, . ; . . 100 00 

Oct. 19, " W. B. Harrison, per H. Allmand, Jr., . 50 00 





$113 759 42 


• 

15 


00 


120 


00 


386 


75 


40 


00 


32 


37 


50 


00 


160 


00 



PATRICK CO. 

Sep. 20, *' J. C. Mori, Elamsville, . . . 20 00 



RICHMOND. 

Aug. 18, " Mawry & Co., . . . . 25 00 

23, " Wyndham Robinson, . . . 25 00 

25, " Geo. W. Memford, for the citizens, . 1,909 86 

Sep. 3, " St. Peter's Cathedral, per Revd. M. O'Keef, 196 00 

4, " G. W. Memford, for the citizens, . . 70 00 
" Geo. W. Memford, for Officers & Clerks in the Post 

Office, ..... 24 00 

5, M T. W. Pemberton, for Trinity Church Sunday 

School, . . . . . 58 32 

7, " Masonic Lodge, No. 10, . . 50 00 

15, " Cbas. Morgan, .... 5 00 

17, " N. M. Martin, . . . . 25 00 

21, " J. A. Cowardin, for Juvenile Fair, . 28 50 

Oct. 10, " Geo. W. Memford, for the citizens, . 1,000 00 

Revd. Leroy M. Leo, and wife, . . 5 00 



a 



ROCKBRIDGE CO. 

Sep. 8, " Officers & Cadets, Virginia Military Institute, Lex- 
ington, .... 

18, " N. G. White, for the citizens, 

« J. B. Lyle, do. do. . 

21, " A Lady, .... 

22, " Bible Society of Cadets, 
26, " J. B. Lyle, for Bethesda Congregation, 
29, " Chas. Locker, Balcony Falls, 

ROCKINGHAM CO. 

Sep. 17, " W. W. Green, for citizens of Port Republic, 
21, " O. C. Stribling, for citizens of Harrisburg, 

ROANOKE CO. 

Sep. 12, " F. Johnson, for citizens of Salem, . . 255 05 

17, " W. P. Strother, for citizens of Salem, . 100 00 

21, " H. Powers, for Presbyterian Church, Big Lick, 37 50 

22, « St. John's Church, per Revd. W. H. Pendleton, 58 03 



te, Lex- 








260 


28 




349 


52 




133 


63 




5 


00 




100 


00 




50 


00 




25 


00 


h 


20 


00 




232 


75 



285 00 



20 00 



3,421 68 



923 43 



252 75 



450 58 



Amount carried forward, ♦ . $119,916 98 



82 



1855. 



To amount brought forward, 



Aug. 25, 

Sep. 11. 

17, 

22, 
28, 

Oct. 3, 
18, 

Nov. 7, 



tt 



VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— Sussex co 

George Blow, 

A. Aldridge, for the citizens, 
A. Aldridge, do. do. . 

W. N. Jarrett, for the citizens, 
W. N. Jarrett, do. do. 

A. Aldridge, do. do. 

A. Aldridge, do. do. 

A. Aldridge, do. do. 



SOUTHAMPTON CO. 

Sep. 21, " J. Pretlow, for the citizens, . 
Oct. 8, •' J. J. Darden, for the citizens, 



Aug. 



Sep. 



SPRINGS. 

C. Cocke, for visitors at Allegheny Springs, 
J. L. Cabell, for Visitors at Red Springs, . 
Messrs. Prindle, M'Nutt, & Wilkinson, White 

Sulphur Springs, 
P. Cullen, White Sulphur Springs, . 
Samuel Dubose, for visitors at Salt Sulphur 
Springs, ..... 
Visitors at Yellow Springs, . 
Visitors at Red Sweet Springs, 
Visitors at White Sulphur Springs, . 
Visitors at Sweet Springs, . . 

Miss Hopkins of Ala., Sweet Springs, 
P. 11. Smith, for Mr. Erazier, Rockbridge alum 
Springs, ..... 
P. H. Smith, for visitors at Rockbridge alum 
Springs, ..... 
N. S. White, for visitors at Burners White 

Sulphur Springs, . . 
John Langley, Palmers Springs, 
" A Lady/' Palmers Springs, 
W. H. Roy, Sweet Springs, . 

SURRY CO. 



Aug. 28, " T. W. Taylor, for the citizens, 

29, " T. W. Taylor, " " 

Sep. 22, " T. W. Taylor, « " 

* Mr. Southgate, for a gentleman, 



23. 

24, 


it 
<( 
it 


26, 

28, 


it 

it 


30, 
31, 


(i 
a 
tt 


6, 


ti 


11, 


a 


13, 


tt 




tt 


15, 


tt 

n 


2t), 


tt 



STAUNTON. 



Sep. 
Nov. 



8, " N. K. Trout, Mayor, for the citizens, 
3, " Messrs Gallagher, Steirs, & McElroy, per J. W. 
M. Mc Clung, .... 



SCOTTSVILLE. 



Sep. 15, *' J. L. Brady, for Masonic Lodge, 

17, " W. D. Davis, for the citizens, , 

t1 M. B. Harris, for Sons of Temperance, 



STAFFORD CO. 



Sep. 27, " Elizabeth B. Wallace, 







§119,916 98 


50 
101 


00 
00 




26 


00 




108 00 




34 


50 




34 


00 




5 


00 




7 


00 





40 00 
45 00 



80 


00 


320 


00 


100 


00 


100 00 


345 


00 


94 


00 


80 


00 


960 


35 


336 


25 


5 


00 



15 00 



64 50 



26 


00 


5 


00 


5 


00 


20 00 


50 


00 


235 


00 


50 


00 


2 


00 


507 50 


125 


00 


10 


00 


189 


77 


10 


00 



20 00 



365 50 



85 00 



2,556 72 



337 00 



632 50 



209 77 



20 00 



Amount carried forward, 



$124,123 47 



Nov. 


13, " 


Sep. 


4," 
14, " 




18, « 




22, « 


Sep. 


6, « 
12, « 




20, " 




24, " 




27, « 







it 






<t 


Oct. 


27, 
13, 


tt 


Sep. 


15, 

26, 


« 



10 


00 


63 


00 


5 


00 



150 


00 


20 


00 


1 


00 


5 


00 


25 00 


500 


00 


60 


00 


215 


03 


5 


00 


25 


00 


114 


55 


385 


45 


136 


50 


13 


50 


59 


83 


232 


00 


35 


00 



WINCHESTER. 

Sep. 18, " J. H. Sherrard, for the citizens, . 454 86 



Sep. 
Oct. 


24, " 
3, " 

26," 
28, " 
29," 


WESTON. 

B. J. M'Candlish and Judge Camden, 

Mr. Bennett, .... 

WASHINGTON CO. 

Slave Bob, ..... 

L. Baugh, for citizens of Abingdon, 

W. Y. C. White, for citizens of Abingdon, . 


15 00 
20 00 


Sep. 


10 
77 25 
86 25 



VORKTOWN. 

Sep- 26, " B. H. Chamberlaine, for the citizens, 41 25 



115 00 



10 00 



63 00 



5 00 



83 

To amount brought forward, . . * $124,123 47 

1855. 

VIEGINIA CONTINUED.— Shenandoah co. 

Oct. 6, " John Butherford, for the citizens, . . 115 00 

TYLER CO. 

Sep. 27, " D. Hickman, .... 

WARREN CO. 

Nov. 13, «' Revd. C. M. Calloway, Front Boyal, 

WESTMORELAND CO. 

G. M. C. Oak groves, 

WILLIAMSBURG. 

Robert Saunders, for the citizens, . 
T. H, Haynes, for workmen at Gas works, 
Bevd. W. Lindsay, .... 
" A Lady, ..... 

WHEELING. 

Lodge No. 3. I. O. O. P., . 
James Paul, Mayor, for the citizens, 
Workmen at Belmont Iron works, . 
Bev. E. T. Perkins, St. Matthew's Church, 
Bev. E. T. Perkins, St. Matthew's Church, 
J. B. Baker, for Presbyterian church, 

WARRENTON. 

Sep. 15, " Edw. M. Spillman, for St. James' church, . 
Edw. M. Spillman, for the citizens, 
Z. Turner, for Mt. Carmel Masonic Lodge, 
Z. Turner, for two Masonic brethren, 
Edw. M. Spillman, for the citizens, 

WYTHE CO. 

C. C. Tate, for citizens of Wytheville, 

A. P. Gregory, for Wythe Lead Mining Co, 



176 00 



830 03 



709 83 

267 00 
454 86 

35 00 

164 60 
41 25 













MISCELLANEOUS. 








Aug. 


8, 


u 


Bev. B. D. Woodley 


> • • 


• 


50 


00 






u 


S. 


S. Stubbs, for S. 


Shepherd, 


* 


25 


00 


Sep. 


6, 


(I 


w. 


, B. Bland, 


• • •- 


• 


5 


00 




14, 


II 


John P. Wilcox, 


• • • 


• 


25 


00 



Amount carried forward, 105 00 $126,905 04 



34 



1855. 



Sep. 17, 
21, 



To amount brought forward, 



VIRGINIA CONTINUED.— miscellaneous. 



$ 126,995 04 



Oct. 



Nov 



Dec. 



25," 
6," 



23," 

12, " 

13, " 

29, " 

1," 



Brought forward, . . . 105 00 

Rev. Geo. S. Carraway, . . 10 00 

P. St. Geo. Ambler, . . . 20 00 

Holt Wilson, for Mt. Olivet Baptist Church, 23 96 

Leroy M. Lee, for sundry persons, . 101 75 

R Morrison, for Unity and Machpelah churches, 42 25 

Rev. Geo. D. Armstrong, for Rev. J. J. Royall, 50 00 

Holt Wilson, for H. Sheaffer and J. M'Corkle, 104 00 

Rev. Geo. D. Armstrong, for sundry persons, 23 00 

Rev. Moses Gibson and Lady, . . 1 00 

Holt Wilson, for Rev. J. W. K. Handy, . 7 00 

A. F. Leonard, for W. E. Jordan, . 5 00 

Rev. A. S. Smith, for sundry persons, . 71 00 







NORTH CAROLINA.— person co. 




Aug. 


18, " 


Thomas McGehee, .... 


10 00 




tt 


Hon. E. G. Reade, . . 


25 00 


Nov. 


12," 


Hon. E. G. Reade, for citizens of Roxboro, 

EDENTON. 


45 00 






Aug. 


23, « 


Edward Wood, .... 


25 00 




24, " 


James C. Johnston, .... 


100 00 




28, " 


T. D. Warren, .... 


150 00 




a 


Jainos C. Johnston, .... 


100 00 


Nov. 


13," 


St. Paul's Church, per Wm. Badham, 


40 00 



HEREFORD CO. 

Aug. 24, " K. Rayner, .... 

31, " J. J. Scull, .... 

Oct. 8, " Holt Wilson, for Bethlehem Church, 

BUNCOMBE CO. 

Sep. 8, " R. C. Saunders, Plat Creek, 



Sep. 14," 

17," 

Oct. 8, « 

10, " 
tt 



Aug. 11, « 

25, " 

Sep. 22, " 



26, " 



BERTIE CO. 

Holt Wilson, for citizens of Windsor, 
R. H. Cox, for citizens of Roxobel, 
Holt Wilson, for citizens of Windsor, 
R. H. Cox, for citizens of Roxobel, 
P.H.Winston, 



HALIFAX CO. 

Gov. John Branch, .... 

T. P. Devereau, . . . 

T. W. Nicholson, . . . \. 

Edward A. Thorn, , 

A Student of Richmond Hill, per Holt Wilson, 

Citizens of Littleton, 

Thos. Arrington, for Met. Prot. Church, 



EDGECOMB CO. 

Aug. 26, " J. L. Bridger, 

Sep. 9, " W. S. Battle, Rocky Mount, [ 

17, " Jno. Norfleet, for citizens of Tarboro, 



5 00 

10 00 

8 31 



10 00 

75 00 
60 00 
41 00 
40 00 
3 00 



25 00 

50 00 

7 50 

6 00 

2 50 

20 00 

32 00 



10 00 
20 00 

255 86 



564 46 



80 00 



415 00 



23 31 



10 00 



219 00 



143 00 



285 86 



Amount carried forward, 



$128,735 67 



35 



1S55. 



To amount brought forward, .... 

NORTH CAROLINA CONTINUED.— Elizabeth city. 



$128,735 67 



Aug. 2S, " W. E. Mann, .... 
Sep. 6, " L. D. Starke, 

19, " J. J. Grandy, Mayor, for the citizens, 



WILMINGTON. 



Aug. 28, " 



>ep. 



15, " 
tt 

27," 



T. Bird. Jr., for the citizens, 

P. K. Dickinson, 

St. John's Masonic Lodge, . 

John McRea, Mayor, for the citizens, 

John McRea, Mayor, for the citizens, 



Aug. 25, 


a 


30, 


a 




ic 


Sep. 2, 


« 


15, 


t( 


20, 


a 



WARREN CO. 

A visitor at Jones Springs, per Rev. Mr. Wingfield, 
Mrs. Lavender, per John White, 
Wm. Plumruer, Warren ton, . . . 

B. Lavender, Shocco Springs, 
T. A. Montgomery, for citizens of Warren ton, 
T. A. Montgomery, for citizens of Warrenton, 
" Visitors at Jones White Sulphur Springs, . 

WAKE co. 

Aug. 21, " G. W. Mordecai, Jno. Devereaux, Chas. Dewey, 

and J. H. Brian, .... 
Sep. 1, " T. R. Fentress, .... 

7, " Young Ladies' Episcopal School, 

MILTON. 

Sep. 10, " J. Wilson, for the citizens, . . . 

FAYETTEYILLE. 

Sep. 12, " Ma?onic Lodge No. 8, 

13, ", P. S. Sutterloh, for the citizens, 

26, " Mr. Hensell, ..... 

Oct. 8, " Major Laidley, .... 

WASHINGTON. 

Sep. 13, " Phalanx Lodge No. 10, I. 0. O. F., . 
15, " David T. Taylor, for the citizens, . 

GOLLSBORO. 

Sep. 15, " Contribution of the citizens, . . 

NORTHAMPTON CO. 

Sep. 15, " H. K. Burgwyn, Father and Brother, 

NEWBERN. 

Sep. 15, " J. D. Flanner, for the citizens, 
20, " J. D. Flanner, for the citizens, 
Oct. 8, " J. D. Flanner, for a citizen, . 

BEAUFORT. 

Sep. 17, " L. M. Lee, for the citizens, . 



Amount carried forward, . 



5 00 

10 00 
546 00 



117 00 
100 00 
50 00 
500 00 
420 00 



, 10 


00 


55 


00 


20 


0.0 


123 


50 


100 


00 


200 


38 


200 


00 


95 


00 


10 


00 


36 


50 



70 00 



60 


00 


500 


00 


10 


00 


10 


00 


50 


00 


420 


00 



80 00 



100 00 



561 00 



1,187 00 



708 88 



141 50 



70 00 



580 00 



470 00 



80 00 



500 00 

250 00 

20 00 




770 00 
70 00 


70 00 




• 


piOi 


,474 05 



36 

To amount brought forward, . . . $133,474 05 
1855. 

NORTH CAROLINA CONTINUED.— hillsboro. 

Sep. 18, " Holt Wilson, for Episcopal Church, . 28 55 

20, " A member of St.. Matthew's Church, . 5 00 

Oct. 3, «« Holt Wilson, for the citizens, . . 50 00 



CHAPEL HILL. 

Sep. 21, " R. B. Saunders, for the citizens, . . 140 86 

" u A Friend," ..... 5 00 

Dec. 4," "A Student," .... 600 



244 96 


5 00 

50 00 

262 54 

23 44 



NAGS HEAD. 

Sep. 21, " C. M. Parkman, for the visitors, . . 75 00 

CHARLOTTE. 

Sep. 21, " Holt Wilson, for the citizens, 

WASHINGTON CO. 

Sep. 24, " Isaac Davenport, .... 

'■* J. McBoyle, Plymouth, 

27, " J. Ramsay, for the citizens, . 

Oct. 15, (< J. Ramsay, do. do. 

GREENSBORO. 

Sep. 27, " J. H. Lindsay, for the citizens, . . 197 25 

" J. H. Lindsay, for Young Ladies Methodist College, 38 00 
[" J. H. Lindsay, do. do. Edgeworth Insti- 

tute, ..... 80 00 

PITTBORO. 

Sep. 10, " Leroy M. Lee, for Revd. Mr. Barringer, 
Oct. 2, " Hon. A. Rencher, for the citizens, . 
24, " Hon. A. Rencher, do. do. 

PERQOTMONS CO. 

Oct. 5, " M. O. Jordan, for the citizens, . . 

ALAMANCE CO. 

Oct. 10, " P. R. Harden, for the citizens, 

MARTIN CO. 

Oct. 15, " D. W. Bagley, for the citizens, 

LINCOLNTON. 

Oct. 29, " J. T. Alexander, for the Masons, . . 25 00 

LEWISBURG. 

Nov. 23, " Jos. Perry, for the Masons, . . 108 10 



10 


00 


210 


00 


21 


00 



125 


00 


14 


00 


90 


00 



BEATTYS FORD. 

Nov. 27, " Mary V. Hamilton and other little girls, . 5 00 

MURFREESBORO. 

Nov. 27, " H. G. Trader & Co., . ' . . 10 00 



83 55 



151 86 



75 00 



244 96 



340 98 



317 25 



241 00 



125 00 



14 00 



90 00 



25 00 



108 10 



5 00 



10 00 



Amount carried forward, . . $135,305 75 



1855. 



37 

To amount brought forward, . f $135,305 75 

NORTH CAROLINA CONTINUED.— anson co. 



Aug. 26. " "Spero," 5 00 

Oct. 3, " Anonymous, . . . . . 10 00 

SOUTH CAROLINA.— camden. 

Sep. 15, " W. E. Johnston, for the citizens, . . 90 50 

Oct, 8, " W. H. R. Workan, for the children, . . 40 25 



COLUMBIA. 

Sep. 15, " E. J. Arthur, Mayor, for the citizens, . 500 00 

17," E . H. Britton & Co , do. do. . . 69 00 

19, " E. J. Arthur, Mayor, do. do. . . 501 50 

Oct. 8, " Jno. Usher, for Historical Club, . . 44 50 

SPARTANSBURG. 

Oct. 15, " David Duncan, . . . . 20 00 



HARTSVILLE. 

Oct. 26, " « A Friend," . . . . 5 00 

Sep. 22, « A Lady, N. G. B 10 00 



CHARLESTON. 

Aug. 30, " A. S. Willington, for the citizens, . . 302 00 

Sep. 2, " G. R. Richards, President Etna Fire Engine Co., 115 00 

8, " A. S. Willington & Co., for the citizens, . 87 00 

13," A. S Willington & Co., do.. do. . 78 00 

20, « A. S. Willington & Co., do. do. . 101 00 

22, « A. S. Willington & Co., do. do. . 97 50 

26, " G-. N. Coffin, for the Hebrew Ladies, . 50 00 

27, " A. S. Willington & Co., for the citizens, . 112 36 
29, " A. S. Willington & Co., do. do. . 114 00 

Oct. 10, " J. K. Sass, for Church of the Holy Cross, Claremont 

Parish, ..... 113 50 

" J. K. Sass, for a Lady of Pendleton, . 20 00 

13, " J. K. Sass, for St. Michael's Church, . 166 43 

15, « J. K. Sass, for Calvary Church, . . 12 00 

17, " -A. S. Willington, for the citizens, . . 27 00 
19, «' Revd. C. C. Pinckney, for the Orphans of Episcopal 
church, $200. (this was afterwards withdrawn, 
by order of Mr. Pinckney.) 

" J. K. Sass, for Methodist Prot. Church, . 20 50 

29, " J. K. Sass, for the citizens, . . 25 00 

Nov. 16, " A. S. Willington & Co., for the citizens, . 115 00 



GEORGETOWN. 

Sep. 21, « C. H. Pritchard, for the citizens, . . 103 20 

Oct. 5, " C. H. Pritchard, do. do. . . 5 00 



GEORGIA.— SAVANNAH. 

Aug. 24, " Young Men's Benevolent Association, . 500 00 

25, " E. C. Anderson, Mayor, for the citizens, . 500 00 

" R. B. Hilston, do. do. . 1,272 00 



AUGUSTA. 



Sep. 1, " City Councils, per W. E. Deanny, Mayor, . 500 00 

" W. E. Deanny, Mayor, for the citizens, . 676 92 

13, " A Lady, ..... 5 00 



15 00 



130 75 



1,115 00 

20 00 

15 00 



1,556 29 



108 20 



2,272 00 



Amount carried forward, . . . 1,181 92 $140,537 99 



38 

To amount brought forward, . . . $140,537 99 

1855. 

GEORGIA CONTINUED.— atjgcsta. 

Brought forward, . . . 1,18192 

Sep. 22, " D. H. Wilcox, . . . . 99 01 

" City Councils, per Judge W. Milo Olin, . 100 CO 

COLUMBUS. 

Sep. 14, " A Boy, ..... 

19, " W. Williams, Mayor, for the citizens, 

MACON. 

Sep. 15, " B. F. Ross, Mayor, for the citizens, 

ATHENS. 



Nov. 23, " A. F. Hill, . 

" Rosewell Sunday School, 



ALABAMA. — hunts ville. 
Sep. 20, " Church of the Nativity, per David May, 

MONTGOMERY. 

Sep. 27, " W. B. Bell, for the citizens, 

SUMPTERVILLE. 

Oct. 3, " L. H. Anderson, .... 

FLORIDA. — TALLAHASSEE. 

Oct. 3, " T. Haywood, Intendant, for the citizens, . 
Dec. 6, " Holt Wilson, for T. Haywood, 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Sep. 29, " Rev. B. M. Miller, for citizens of Church Hill, 
" Rt. Rev. Bishop M'Gill, for Rev. Mr. 



12 


00 


514 


00 


200 


00 


20 


00 


18 


00 


25 


00 


484 60 


50 


00 


300 


00 


5 


00 


55 


00 


30 


00 



LOUISIANA. 

Aug. 16, " Miss Annie M. Andrews, . . 10 00 

NEW ORLEANS. 

Sep. 22, " M. A. Helm, for the citizens, . . 215 00 

" J. F. Dameron, . . . . 20 00 

" F. Faber, ..... 10 00 

Oct. 31, " New Orleans and Mobile Mail Line, per F. 
J. Clack, Esq., .... 

NATCHITOCHES. 

Oct. 13, « Holt Wilson, for the citizens, . . 

OAKWOOD. 

Oct. 13, " A Lady— M. M. C, ... 

TENNESSEE. 

Sep. 29, " "A Poor Man," Nashville, . 

KENTUCKY.— LEXINGTON. 

Aug. 29, " F. Dewees, . . . 



250 


00 


58 75 


10 


00 


5 


00 


10 


00 



1,3S0 93 

526 00 
200 00 

3S 00 

25 00 

484 60 

50 00 

305 00 

85 00 
10 00 



495 00 

58 75 
10 00 

5 00 

10 00 



Amount carried forward, . . . $144,22127 



39 



1855. 



To amount brought forward, 

KENTUCKY CONTINUED.— Nicholas co. 



$144,221 27 



Oct. 15, " Mrs. Ann E. Bedinger, 

OHIO. — CLEVELAND. 

Sep. 18, u Rev. Geo. L. Little, for 1st Methodist church, 
25, « Jos. Perkins, for a church, . 

ASHTABULA. 

Oct. 8, " L. Willard, for St. Peter's Church, . 

ZANESVILLE. 

Oct. 13, " Jas. Bruner, for Methodist Church, . 



Aug. 15, " W. W. Brown, 



COLUMBUS. 



NEWARK. 



Nov. 12, " Children of Public School, . 

ILLINOIS.— chicaoo. 

Sep. 29, " S. D. Boone, Mayor, for the citizens, 

21, « S. D. Boone, Mayor, do. do. . 

22, " S. D. Boone, Mayor, do. do. . 
Oct, 8, " S. D. Boone, Mayor, do. do. . 

15, " S. D. Boone, Mayor, do. do. 

PEORIA. 

Sep. 26, " P. Hudson, for I. 0. 0. F., 

MISSOURI.— st. louis. 

Sep. 18, " P. A. P 

27, " Win. Matthews, for the citizens, 

" "Wm. Matthews, do. do. 
29, « Wm. Matthews, do. do. 
Oct. 3, " G-eo. Washington, Masonic Lodge, 
29, " _ Polar Star, Masonic Lodge, 

PIKE CO. 

Oct. 13, " W. Davis, for the churches, 



Nov. 24, " J. H. Birch, Jr., 



PLATTSBURG. 



U. S. NAVY. 



Aug. 16, " Lt. C. H. Poor, 

17, " Purser J. Y. Mason, 

18," "An Officer," 

25, " W. M. Caldwell, 

" Lt. Cooper, 

" Dr. Blacknall, 

27, « Lt. North, 

31, " Dr. P. Horner, 

" Capt. Carpender. 

Sep. 4, " Capt. C. K. Stribling, 

8, " Officers, Crew, and Marines, 
Carolina, 

" Lt. Williamson, 



100 00 



ch, 6 
50 


00 
00 


5 00 

30 70 


10 


00 


24 50 


1,500 
1,500 
1,000 
1,150 
305 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 



25 00 



10 00 



Receiving Ship North 
Amount carried forward, . 



10 


00 


15 


00 


5 


00 


5 


00 


5 


00 


10 


00 


10 


00 


5 


00 


10 


00 


50 


00 


88 


00 


10 


00 



100 00 



56 00 



5 00 



30 70 



10 00 



24 50 



5,455 00 



25 00 





10 00 

482 00 

1,200 00 

746 46 

50 00 

50 00 


2,538 46 
20 00 


• 


20 00 



10 00 



223 00 $152,495 93 



40 



1855. 



To 


amount brought forward, 


• 


$152,495 93 




IT. S. NAVY. 








Brought forward, . 


223 


00 


Sep. 8, « 


Purser E. T. Dunn, .... 


20 


00 


12," 


G. P. Walsh, .... 


5 


00 


14," 


Officers, and Crew, Steamer Hetzel, . 


103 


00 


18, « 


Officers, and Crew, Steamer Michigan, 


95 


96 


Nov. 7, " 


Capt. Mayo, .... 


40 


00 

48fi Qfi 




MISCELLANEOUS, OMISSIONS, AND ADDENDA. 




Aug. 18, « 


Officers, and Crew, Steamship Roanoke, 


75 


00 


i< 


Dr. Saml. Moseley, .... 


100 


00 


u 


" Humanity," .... 


20 


00 


23," 


Uuknown donors, .... 


30 


00 


24, « 


Unknown donors, . • . . . 


5 *00 


25, " 


Wm. Wallace, Phila., 


10 00 


« 


E. A. Knight, .... 


61 


50 


Sep. 8, « 


Unknown donor, .... 


5 


00 


13, " 


Officers, and Crew, Steamship Jamestown, 


150 


00 


20, " 


Anonymous, ..... 


10 


00 


22, " 


Holt Wilson, from unknown donor, 


2 


50 


Oct. 6, •« 


A. M. Gorman, and S. E. Howley, N. C. . 


2 


00 


8," 


A. G. Gray, for passengers, Steamship George Law, 






on a voyage from Aspinwall to New York, 


447 50 


« 


A. G. Gray, for residents of Aspinwall, 


242 


50 


24, " 


Unknown donor, . . . 


5 


00 


Nov. 12, " 


J. Pickett, ..... 


10 


00 


« 


N. C. Whitehead, acting Mayor, for the Orphans, 


1,005 


00 


« 


A. M. Cunningham, .... 


5 


00 


a 


Eevd. A. S. Smith, for a church in Surry Co. Va. 


, io 


00 


a 


F. N. Watkins, for citizens of Prince Edward Co. Va., 84 


50 


13," 


Sales of sundry articles, . . 


442 


78 


1856. 








a 


Sales of Coal, . . . • . 


267 40 


May 13, " 


Contribution from British Government, per G. P. 


R. 






James, 


152 


28 


t( 


Contribution from Winchester, Va., 


40 


75 


July 7," 


Brown, Johnston & Co., New York, 


36 


00 


« 


Interest account, .... 


1,035 


13 

1 9h± RS 



Amount carried forward, 



$157,237 72 



41 

To total amount of contributions brought forward, . $157,237 72 

By amount expended by Win. B. Ferguson, late President, $3,157 10 
" Paid nurses, for attendance upon the sick, . 3,977 69 

" Paid expenses of doctors, . . . 2,244= 79 

" Paid hack hire, purchase of horses and repairs 

of carriages for doctors used during the fever, 3,799 72 
** Paid for wood, for use of steamer Princess 

Anne, employed in bringing supplies, <fcc, 

from Hampton Roads ; and for distribution 

to the poor during the winter 1855, '56, . 6,682 49 
" Paid for medicines, .... 2,901 98 

" Paid undertakers, .... 5,868 25 

" Paid for digging graves, . . . 1,939 00 

" Julappi and Howard Hospitals, including wages 

of servants and nurses, transportation of the 

sick, &c, &c, .... 7,736 65 

" Expenses of ward stores and general stores, 

drayage, labor, &c, . ' . . . 480 13 

" Wages of men on steamer Princess Anne and 

other expenses, . . . . 659 40 

" Wages of those in service of the Association, 

office rent, &c, . . . . 345 49 

" Groceries, <fec, for distribution to the sick and 

poor, . . . . . . 6,934 14 

" Freight and labor on cargo of ice and coal, . 426 04 

" City Watch, . . . . . • 1,148 25 

" National Hotel, for board of doctors and use 

of hospital, . ' . . . . 6,157 49 

" Mrs. W. V. Robinson, for soup, . . 831 87 

" Orphans' Asylum, expenses of servants, rent, 

marketing, groceries, furniture, teachers, 

matron, &c, &c, . , . • 8,670 67 

" General distribution to the poor during the 

winter of 1855, '56, . 
" Medals presented to doctors and nurses, 

" Cemetery lot, stone work and railing, . 

" Paid for taking " List of Deaths," 

" Recording deeds and tel. dispatch, , 

70,202 69 

" Sent to Portsmouth Relief Association, by di- 

rection of the donors, . • . 19,071 89 

" Permanent investment for support of Orphans' 

Asylum, . . . . .58,867 40 

" Balance in bank, . . '. . 9,095 74 

$157,237 72 



3,567 


89 


1,594 


85 


919 


16 


150 


00 


9 


64 



1857. 

Jan. 1, To balance in bank, .... $9,095 74 



BECAPITULATION. 



Maine, 




$1,663 00 


New Hampshire, 










80 00 


Massachusetts, . 










10,627 55 


Bhode Island, 










2,257 66 


Connecticut, 










1,150 10 


New York, 










35,518 39 


New Jersey, 










5,319 42 


Pennsylvania, . , 










20,171 64 


Delaware, . . 










2,202 50 


Maryland, . , 










3,514 80 


District of Columbia, 










11,538 90 


Virginia, . . 










33 515 54 


North Carolina, . , 










7,761 25 


South Carolina, . 










2,945 24 


Georgia, . . 










4,416 93 


Alabama, . . 










559 60 


Florida, . 










305 00 


Mississippi, . . 










85 00 


Louisiana., . , 










573 75 


Tennessee, 










5 00 


Kentucky, » 










110 00 


Ohio, 










126 20 


Illinois, . 










5,480 00 


Missouri, . . 










2,568 46 


U. S. Navy, 










486 96 


Miscellaneous, . , 










4,254 83 



$157,237 72 



(42) 



43 



Statement of amounts handed to W. K Brune, Treasurer of Baltimore 
Belief Committee, by mn-residents of the City of Baltimore, which was 
expended for provisions, &c, for the relief of the sufferers at Norfolk 
and Portsmouth. 



Abington Post 



Board of Maryland Pilots, . . Maryland. 

Citizens of Charles Co., ... " 

Citizens of Cumberland, . 
Eininerton Post Office, $25 00 

Office. $5 00, 
St. Anne's Church, Annapolis, . 
Presbyterian Church, " 
African Church, " 

Naval Academy, " per Pier. T. B. Bartowj 

Geo. W. Hall, Harford, . 
Bayside Lodge, St. Michaels, 
Westminster Church, 
Citizens of Kent County, 
Citizens of Elkton, . . . 

Rev. John R. Keech, Springfield, 
Company K., Fort McHenry, . . " 

Colored Missionary Society, Ellicott's Mills, " 

W. Cooke & Sons, from counties, . " 

D. M. Seymour, Hartford, . . " 

Citizens of Chestertown, . . " 

Two Gentlemen of South River, Anno Arundel Co." 
New Market Post Office, . . " 

Mayor Lewin, from Allhalloween Parish, " 

• 

York Post Office, . . 

Citizens of Pittsburgh, . 

Citizens of York, 

Eraneis Sellers, Pittsburgh, for Prot. Epis. 

Church, East Liberty, 
Rev. T. B. Lyman, Pittsburgh, for Trinity Church, 
Dr. Brietenbach, 



« 



« 



u 



<i 



D. C. 



St. John's Church, Washington, 

Capt. Meigs, Com. Pub. Works, Washington, 

Servants at Willafd's Hotel, Washington, 

Thos. 0. Hills, and Wm. Leishear, Washington, " 



Citizens of Cincinnati, , 

Citizens of Louisville, . 

Amos Wade, Newbern, . 

Logan McNight, New Orleans, . 

Capt. Bigelow, . 

John C. Sehrt, Martinsburg, . 
W. T. Leavitt, . 
James B. McCarty, . 



Ohio. 

Kentucky. 

N. Carolina. 

Louisiana. 

U. S. N. 

Virginia. 
a 

a 



73 00 
221 50 
111 00 

50 00 
310 00 

60 00 
30 25 

215 80 
10 00 
20 00 

234 60 
20 00 

306 25 

51 51 
24 90 

5 00 
35 00 
10 00 
300 00 
40 00 
10 00 
63 06 



Pennsylvania. 


5 00 


a 


2,348 21 


it 


1,242 11 


a 


30 22 


hurch, " 


300 00 


a 


1 00 



150 03 

540 62 

37 50 

70 25 



2,730 


65 


2,850 


00 


25 


00 


20 


00 


50 


00 


10 
20 
80 


25 
00 
00 



2,182 77 



3,926 54 

798 40 

2,730 65 

2,850 00 

25 00 

20 00 

50 00 

100 25 

$12,6S3 61 



u 



List of Provisions, Medicines, Clotliing and Supplies of every description 
sent to Norfolk during the fever, 1855. 

North Danvers, Mass. — A. Putnam, 60 pairs boys' shoes. 

New York. — Turner & Brothers, 24 cases ginger wine ; Blow & March, 5 boxes 
lemons ; a baker, name unknown, 5 barrels pilot bread ; Samuel Mil bank, 12 bar- 
rels porter, 2 barrels crackers; Knickerbocker Ice Co., 106 tons, 13 cwt. 20 lb. ice; 
Unknown donor, a lot of wine. 

Brooklyn, N. Y.— Brooklyn Female Employment Society, 3 packages children's 
clothing, value $300. 

Perth Amboy, N. J. — Ladies of St. Peters Church, 1 package children's clothing. 

Pottstown, Pa. — Ladies of, 1 package children's clothiog, 50 articles. 

Norristown, Pa. — Public School, 1 package children's clothing, 50 suits. 

Philadelphia. — Walnut St. Public School, 100 garments for children; Powers & 
Weightman, 212 bottles Huxham's tine, bark, 5 oz. cit. iron, 1 bag corks; Thomas 
Webster, Jr., Chairman of Philadelphia Belief Committee, large quantities (amount- 
ing to thousands of dollars,) of ice cream, lemons, oranges, tea, coffee, cheese, butter, 
lard, hams, tongues, bread, toasted bread, crackers, chickens, wine, brandy, ale, 
guava jelly, lime juice, mineral water, mustard, clothing, blankets, shoes, mattrasses, 
sponges, leeches, hay, medicines, chloride of lime, castile soap, bay rum, arom. 
vinegar. 

Baltimore. — P. A. Levering, Chairman of Baltimore Relief Committee, the fol- 
lowing articles, valued about $26,000 : 10,1-50 loaves bread, 245 barrels crackers, 
650 bags corn meal, 229 barrels flour, 100 bushels oats, 100 bushels corn, 100 bushels 
chill feed, 30 bales hay, 275 bushels potatoes, 16 tierces rice, 58 bags and barrels 
coffee, 35 half chests tea, 104 tierces and barrels sugar, 28 barrels molasses, 49 
boxes cheese, 175 boxes herrings, 107 kegs butter, 123 kegs lard, 20 barrels pork, 
52 barrels beef, 45 casks shoulders, 2 casks hams, 140 sheep, 140 doz. chickens, 
40 doz eggs, 47 sacks salt, 86 boxes candles, 54 boxes soap, 2 casks ale, 1 qr. cask 
wine, 8 casks porter, 20 baskets wine, 10 doz. jelly, 5 boxes each, broma and cocoa, 
8 boxes each, chocolate and farina, 100 lbs. tapioca, 12 kegs tamarinds, 18 boxes 
mustard, 6 boxes oranges, LI boxes lemons, 300 leeches, drugs, value $400, 10 reams 
paper,20 bedsteads, 250 mattrasses, 250 cots, 325 pillows, 2 buggy wagons, 1 hearse, 
260 coffins ; Marston & Bro., 1 package bed pans, mugs, &c. ; C. D. Shryock, 1 doz. 
bottles pure lemon juice ; Mayor Hinks, 4 packages clothing for orphans ; J. D. 
Mason & Co., 12 barrels wine biscuits ; J. Malcolm & Co., 10 bags meal ; G. W. 
Arnold, 400 loaves bread; White & Elder, 1 chest tea; J. Parkhurst, 1 chest tea; 
Jos. A. Tnomas, for young ladies, 1 package clothing, 70 garments, for orphans ; 
A " Little Girl," 1 package clothing for orphans ; Unknown donor, a quantity of 
clothing for orphans; Unknown donor, 1 barrel crackers; Unknown donor, 25 
coffins ; Unknown donor, 2 boxes clothing for orphans; Ladies of Christ Church, 
670 pieces clothing for orphans. 

Washington. — Mrs. Almy, 1 package clothing for orphans; Geo. H. Jones, for 
the ladies, 2 packages clothing for orphans ; -J. H. Riley, for the citizens, 1 box, 2 
bundles clothing for orphans ; Mrs. Geo. H. Jones, 1 box clothing for orphans. 

Alexandria, Va. — G. P. Wise, Mayor, 10 barrels soda biscuits, 10 barrels crackers, 
10 barrels pilot bread, 10 boxes candles, 10 boxes soap, 20 barrels meal, 2 m. segars, 
1 qr. cask wine, 1 qr. cask brandy. 

Brandon, Va. — W. B. Harrison, at sundry times, provisions, butter, &c. 

Charlestown, Va. — Isaac N. Carter, for the ladies, 1 package clothing. 

Clarkesville, Va. — Citizens of, 17 barrels flour. 

Clarke Co., Va. — Rev. J. D. Powell, for ladie3 and children of his Parish, 97 articles 
children's clothing; Mrs. Rebecca Smith, 1 package clothing. 

Charles City Co., Va. — West & Gatewood, 1 m. ft. plank. 

Hampton, Va. — Jos. Segar, 1 barrel flour. 

Jefferson Co., Va. — Selena and Hannah Williams, 1 box, 40 garments clothing for 
the orphans. 

Isle of Wight Co., Va. — Thomas, Adams & Co., for the citizens, 150 bushels meal, 
132 hams, 8 barrels potatoes, 9 calves, 15 lambs and sheep, 163 doz. eggs, 54 lbs. 
butter, 1 barrel flour, 29 ducks, 65 chickens, 27 geese, 10 barrels apples, 4 barrels 



45 

< 

pea nuts, 10 bushels dried apples, 5 baskets tomatoes, a lot of fruit, vegetables &c; 
Mr. James Scott, 1 box clothing; Woinble & Wilson, 1 box containing 30 pieces 
bacon. 

King and Queen Co., Va. — Alex. Fleet, for the citizens, 110 bushels meal, 5 bar- 
rels flour, 13 bushels corn, 27 sheep, 9 calves, 11 pigs, 20 doz. chickens, 12 doz. 
eggs. 

Lynchburg, "Va. — Ladies of 2nd. Presbyterian Church, 1 box clothing. 

Petersburg, Va. — The citizens of Petersburg, crackers, bread, bacon, rice, chick- 
ens, <fcc, value $540 26; A lady, 1 package clothing; Bragg & Son, 2 boxes 
bread, 3 barrels crackers; H. C. Hardy, for a «' few ladies," 3 boxes clothing. 

Norfolk, Va. — Geo. Reid, 20 bushels meal. 

Prince Edward Co., Va. — Unknown, 15 chickens. 

Richmond, Va. — Clover Hill Coal Company, 2205 bushels coal; John Clenden- 
Ding, 1 cask porter; C. W. Harwood, 1 barrel soda crackers; J. P. Ballard, 1 
horse ; Thos. Dodaraead, for the citizens, 5 gallons brandy, 5 gallons port wine, 1 
box lemons, 2 barrels bread, 2 horses, 2 casks porter, 24 barrels crackers, coffins, 
50 bushels oats, 5 bales hay, 24 bales oats. 

Sussex Co., Va. — A. Aldridge, lot of flour, meal, bacon, corn, chickens. 

Southampton Co., Va. — J. Putlow, for the citizens, chickens, eggs, value $40 ; 
James Mygett, 28 bushels meal, 1 barrel vinegar. 

Portsmouth, Va. — Seaboard & Roanoke Railroad Co., 900 lbs. bacon. 

Botetourt Co., Va. — Winston & Powers, for citizens, 3 barrels flour, 3 barrels meal ; 
Thos. Dodamead, for unknown donor, 2 barrels flour. 

Gordansville, Va. — Mrs. Dr. Beale, 1 box clothing. 

Plymouth, N. C. — Jos. Ramsay, 50 bushels meal; a citizen, provisions, valued at 
$45 94. 

Margarettsville, N. C. — Genl. W.H. Whitehead, 20 bushels meal, 75 cords wood. 

Edenton. N. C. — B. W. Hathaway, 19 bags, and 14 barrels meal. 

Wilmington, N. C. — Citizens of, 2 casks rice. 

Warren Co., N. C. — Young Ladies of Collegiate Institute, 1 box candy, 54 gar- 
ments for orphans. 

Wake Co., N. C— Major W. F. Collins, 1 barrel flour ; Revd. G-. W. Thompson, 7 
sacks flour. 

Perquimons Co., N. C. — M. O. Jordan, for citizens, 42 bags meal. 

Graham, N. C. — P. R. Harden, for citizens, 11 barrels, and 6 bags flour. 

Lewisburg, N. C. — Joel Thomas, for citizens, 22 barrels flour. 

Franklin Co., N. C. — Joel Thomas for citizens, 12 barrels flour. 

Murfreesboro, N. C. — Mrs. Worthington, a lot of preserves ; J. W. Harrell, for 
citizens, 100 bushels meal, 279 chickens, 75 hams. 

Northampton, Co., N. C. — Dr. Wm. Collins, for citizens 5 lot of meal, box provi- 
sions, box chickens. 

Charleston, S. C. — G. N. Coffin, for Hebrew Ladies, 1 box containing clothing 
for orphans ; Wm- C. Gatewood, 1 barrel limes. 

Lexington, Ky. — Lexington Mustard Company, packages of mustard. 

Gosport. — U. S. Navy Yard, coffins. 



THE PROCEEDINGS OE A MEETING HELD 

BY THE PHYSICIANS OF NORFOLK. 



At a meeting of the Medical Faculty of the City of Norfolk, held on tha 
evening of the 9th of April, 1856, at the Hall of the Aid Fire Company, 
on motion of Dr. R. B. Tunstall, Dr. D. M. Wright was called to the Chair, 
and Dr. E. D. Granier was appointed Secretary. 

The Chairman then explained the object of the meeting in the follow- 
ing appropriate and touching remarks, a copy of which he kindly con- 
sented to give to the Secretary for publication, at the solicitation of all 
present : — 

lam deeply sensible of the honor conferred upon me, in being called 
to preside over your deliberations on an. occasion of such melancholy in- 
terest. 

We have assembled, gentlemen, to commemorate the noble deeds, and 
pay a tribute of respect to the memory of those fearless and faithful 
spirits, who, sacrificing themselves on the altar of duty, fell nobly battling 
in the cause of humanity. Generous and faithful custodians of the public 
health, when the shrieks and dying groans in our sister city announced 
the close approach of the invisible foe ; whilst with wise precaution and 
sagacious foresight they admonished all who could to fly, themselves 
stood firm and steadfast at their post. > 

Soon the voice of the gallant Upshur is heard, proclaiming the 
enemy on our shore, and the deadly conflict begun. 

The insatiate Archer, as if vengeful of the efforts made by our skillful 
and heroic friends to arrest his fatal progress, with partial aim directed 
his poisoned shafts against the ranks of our profession. Swift the fatal 
arrow sped, and one by one in rapid succession those dauntless heroes 
fell. 

Amongst the earliest victims of the dread Destroyer, was the venerable 
Sylvester. Prudent, sagacious, and eminently practical, a discerning 
public had justly placed him in the front ranks of his profession. 

He was quickly followed by his son, Dr. Richard Sylvester, a young 
gentleman of amiable disposition and fine attainments. He had but re- 
cently entered upon the stern and arduous duties of his profession, but 
his zeal and industry, with his superior natural abilities, gave promise of 
much future usefulness. 

Him, next follows the brave Constable, than whom none contended 
with the enemy more manfully, or met death with greater philosophic 
calmness. 

The kind and gentle IIalson next falls. Pure in sentiment, cultivated 
in taste, with a mind enriched by years of study and contemplation, he 
was at once an honor to the profession, and an ornament to society. 
(46) 



47 

The intelligence of the death of the indefatigable Hjggins is next re- 
ceived. Stem and resolute, yet kind and sympathetic, he seemed the man 
for the occasion, but the rugged oak is oft the first to yield to the furious 
storm. 

Nor the vigor of youth, nor the maturity of manhood proved a barrier 
to the Parthian arrows of the Destroyer, and soon the youthful Briggs is 
numbered with the dead. They snapped the silken cords which else had 
drawn him to other and far happier scenes, and he yielded his life to a 
stern and manly sense of duty. 

A few days only elapse, and again we are called to mourn the loss of 
another valued member of our fraternity. The death of Dr. Richard 
Tunstall filled every breast with profoundest grief. The duties which 
he had assumed, required not only a thorough and practical knowledge 
of his profession, but a degree of caution and assiduity which but few 
possess. Faithfully he discharged those duties, till exhausted by his in- 
cessant labors, he fell an easy victim of the disease. 

The ranks of the profession had now been thinned by disease and death 
to less than one fourth of their original number. Still the pestilence 
raged with unabated fury. The Angel of Death still hovers over our de- 
voted city, other victims are demanded, and he who first proclaimed the 
enemy's approach, he who battled so manfully, so successfully, and for a 
time single-handed — he, the gifted, gallant Upshur, falls. 

Scarcely had the public mind recovered from the shock which the death 
of one so admired, so beloved had occasioned, when again the fountains 
of grief are burst asunder by the overwhelming intelligence of the death 
of Dr. Henry Selden. 

Though comparatively a young man, Dr. Henry Selden had already 
acquired much professional distinction. Thoroughly educated, with a 
mind peculiarly adapted to his profession, with all those high moral 
qualities which command respect and secure esteem, and with manners 
peculiarly bland and attractive, it were difficult to imagine that such an 
one could fall short of eminence. In his death science mourns the loss 
of one of her most gifted and promising sons. 

Such, gentlemen, is the lengthened list of those whose sad fate we are 
called on to deplore. 

The heart swells with pride at the contemplation of their heroic con- 
duct, and the annals of our profession will be enriched by a record of 
their names and "their deeds. 

But, gentlemen, whilst we mourn the loss of those whom a personal 
acquaintance, and long professional intercourse had endeared to us, we 
are not unmindful of those noble strangers, who in the hour of need, when 
the cry of distress was borne on every breeze, with a generous sympathy 
above all praise came promptly to our relief, and sacrificed their lives in 
their noble efforts to alleviate the sufferings of the afflicted. 

A tear to their memory. Long, long will it remain embalmed in the 
hearts of a grateful community. 

On motion of Dr. Moore, it was resolved that a committee of seven be 
appointed by the Chair to draft preamble and resolutions for the consi- 
deration of the meeting. The following gentlemen were appointed by 
the Chair, Drs. Moore, Selden, Cowdery, Tunstall, Campbell, Holmes and 
Marsh, who after a short recess reported the following preamble and re- 
solutions, which were unanimously adopted : — 

Whereas it has pleased Almighty God, in his wisdom, to remove from 
among us a number of our professional brethren, in the midst of their 
usefulness, and while in the active discharge of duties of the most exalted 
and responsible character, displaying a heroism such as in no age or 



48 

country has ever been surpassed, if equalled; and as it is at all times 
proper to commemorate noble deeds whenever and wherever seen; and 
as a moral courage, a humane, charitable, disinterested and self-sacrificing 
spirit was displayed by our lamented professional brethren in the most 
appalling pestilence which history records, this conduct on their part 
being to us a just cause of professional pride; — and whereas the labor 
and exertions imposed upon them was an appeal to the profession 
throughout the country for assistance, which was cheerfully and heroically 
responded to by our professional brethren from- abroad, who, losing sight 
of themselves in the distress which surrounded us, came to us in our 
time of need and devoted themselves at the peril of their lives to the great 
work of relieving and of ministering to the sick ; Therefore, be it 

Resolved, That while we bow in humble submission to the will of Him 
in whose hands are the issues of life and death — we lament and mourn 
with unfeigned sorrow, the loss to us and the country of some of the 
brightest ornaments our profession claimed, and that we will cherish the 
memory of Sylvester, Higgins, Halson, Selden, Upshur. Constable, Tuns- 
tall and Briggs of our own Physicians with feelings of professional pride, 
as well as the memory of Gebhart, Gooch, Thompson, Craycroft, Fliess, 
Booth, Howe, McDowell, Kierson, Blow, Handy, Smith, Jackson, De 
Berche, Schell, Obermuller, Berry, Dillard, Capry, and Schissinger, those 
noble spirits, who came to our assistance from abroad. 

Resolved, That we will wear the usual badge of mourning for the 
period of thirty days, as a token of respect and affection for those of our 
profession who have fallen in the late epidemic. 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to wait upon the 
committee appointed by our fellow- citizens to have a monument erected 
to the memory of the Physicians, Ministers, Apothecaries, Nurses and 
others who fell in the late epidemic, and request that the monument be 
erected in or near some public thoroughfare, that it may be seen by- us in 
our every day walks and by those who visit us, and that it may serve to 
keep in our minds their noble deeds and thereby stimulate us to emulate 
them. 

Resolved, That we hereby offer our sincere and heartfelt sympathies 
to the families of those of our own and visiting Physicians who fell 
martyrs in the cause of humanity, and pray that He who " tempers the 
wind to the shorn lamb " will comfort them in their affliction with that 
comfort which He alone can give. 

Resolved, That the Secretary of this meeting be requested to furnish 
the families of those Physicians who fell in the late epidemic wth a copy 
of these resolutions with such remarks as he may deem proper. 

On motion of Dr. Tunstall the following resolution was adopted: — 

Resolved, That our City Councils be and are hereby requested to vote 
some testimonial or token to those Physicians, Apothecaries, Nurses and 
others who visited us and gave us their services in the recent epidemic, 
and whose lives were spared as an acknowledgment of their valuable ser- 
vices and heroic conduct. 

Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to the Chairman 
and Secretary. 

Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to the Aid Fire 
Company for the use of their Hall. 

Resolved, That the city papers be requested to publish the proceedings 
of this meeting. D. M. WRIGHT, M. D., 

E. D. Granier, M. D., Secretary. Chairman. 



DR. FEMER'S REPORT ON THE HOSPITAL. 



Norfolk, Va., Sept. 14, 1855. 

Mr. W. B. Ferguson, President Howard Association, 

Dr. W. J. Moore, President Board of Health, 

Mr. A. B. Cooke, Assistant to the Mayor of Norfolk. 

Gentlemen : 

Being about to depart from your afflicted city, I beg leave before going 
to surrender the trust you have confided to me in connection with my 
friend, Dr. Cornelius Beard, of New Orleans. It will be recollected that 
on the 27th of August last, Dr. B. and myself were invited to attend a 
joint meeting of your respective bodies, which was called for the purpose 
of taking into consideration the sanitary condition of your city, and the 
best means of affording relief to its plague-stricken inhabitants. It was 
resolved to establish a hospital in a central part of the city, for the re- 
ception of such persons of all classes as could not properly be attended 
to at their homes, and a committee was appointed to carry this resolution 
into effect as speedily as possible. Dr. B. and myself were requested to 
co-operate with that committee in the selection of a suitable building for a 
hospital, and to give directions for its organization, and to take charge of 
its medical management. These duties have been performed to the best 
of our abilities, and you now have in the heart of your city a hospital 
completely equipped, that will compare favorably, in respect to comfort 
and medical attendance, with any in the country. As Dr. Beard was com- 
pelled to leave you a short time since, it devolves upon me to lay before 
you a report on the medical management of that institution up to the 
present time. 

The new Howard Infirmary was opened for the reception of patients 
on the 29th of August, and 15 were admitted the first day. Erom that 
time up to 14th September there have been admitted 

Whites, .... 143 

Colored, .... 50 



193 

Discharged, .... 78 

Died, White, .... 66 

Colored, .... 3 

69 



147 



Remaining at this date, 

White, .... 31 

Colored, .... 15 

46 _ 

The rate of mortality has been only 35| per cent., or about one in five 
4 (49) 



50 

of the admissions, and will compare most favorably with that attained by 
any hospital in the world in Yellow Fever Epidemics. You will thus ob- 
serve that your new infirmary, so hastily gotten up and put in operation, 
has produced the most gratifying result. It is proper for me to state that 
very soon after the infirmary was opened, there arrived in your city ex- 
perienced and skillful physicians from cities where yellow fever frequently 
prevails, to whom wards were given as fast as they were fitted up, with 
unlimited control of the same. The gentlemen who first entered on duty 
were Dr. Reed, of Savannah, Dr. Huger, of Charleston, and Dr. Camp- 
bell, of New Orleans ; but the latter having asked to be relieved, on ac- 
count of pressing engagements outside, his wards were assigned to Dr. 
R. Miller, of Mobile. Dr. Huger has since left, and his wards have been 
given to Dr. Skrine, of Charleston. The only ward reserved to myself 
were some in the 4th story and the negro department, in the attendance 
upon which I have been ably assisted by my young friend, Dr. Bignon, of 
Augusta, Ga. It will thus appear that you are chiefly indebted to the 
above named gentlemen for the gratifying results of your infirmary. 

I cannot omit this occasion to mention the important services that have 
been rendered in the internal affairs of the hospital by Dr. Charles 
Robertson, late of the British Navy in the West Indies, Mr. Henry Myers, 
of Richmond, and a number of medical students, whose names I cannot 
recall. Such, gentlemen, is a crude and hasty report of the noble insti- 
tution which, in the day of calamity, was called into existence by your 
fiat. 

To-morrow I return to my home in the distant south, where long since 
I have learned "to feel another's woe." In taking leave, I beg to assure 
you that amid all the scenes of sorrow and pain I have witnessed in your 
devoted city, I have ever found a solace in the urbanity of your resident 
physicians, the gratitude invariably displayed by the sufferers of the epi- 
demic, and the pleasing companionship of all your fellow citizens with 
whom I have become acquainted. I have the honor to be, with high regard, 

Your obedient servant, 
[Signed.] E. D. FENNER, M. D. 



CORRESPONDENCE WITH PHYSICIANS. 

The following letter was addressed to each of the volunteer physicians; 
and we take pleasure in publishing their respective replies. 

Office of Howard Association, ) 
Norfolk, May 25th; 1856. J 

My Dear Sir : — At a recent meeting of the members of the Howard As- 
sociation, a resolution was adopted and a committee appointed, consisting 
of A. B. Cooke, R. W. Bowden, James G. Pollard, Geo. R. Drummond, and 
Solomon Cherry, to procure Gold Medals, with suitable devices, to be pre- 
sented to the volunteer physicians who came to our relief during the 
terrible pestilence of 1855. 

It is my pleasing duty as the organ of the Association, to present the 
accompanying Medal. 

It is a slight testimonial of our esteem for the invaluable services 
rendered by you. 

The designs are taken from the Holy Scriptures, and are appropriate 
to the occasion. " Faith, Hope, and Charity " on one side, and the " Good 
Samaritan " on the other. 

This will doubtless awaken painful emotions: but will at the same time 
enkindle pleasing recollections. The noble bearing of the medical fra- 
ternity throughout those trying times, is worthy of the highest com- 
mendation. It extorts from a selfish and too often ungrateful world, a 
meed of praise. The occasion brought together congenial spirits from 
various parts of our country, actuated by the same noble impulses, who 
met as strangers ; but parted friends. Being engaged in the same holy 
calling, attachments were formed which will be as lasting as life. 

I need not remind you of the dangers you encountered. The melan- ** 
choly fate of so many brave volunteers fully attests that fact. In vain 
will you search the pages of modern history for a parallel. Never was 
greater heroism displayed, or truer philanthropy manifested. With none 
of the "pride, pomp and circumstance of war" to stimulate and excite 
to deeds of noble daring, you unflinchingly met a foe, more insidious, 
more dangerous, more fatal, than is recorded of the most sanguinary 
battle field. 

It is not my intention to flatter, and I but give expression to senti- 
ments which are universal, when I say, you and your noble compeers 
have conferred honor on your profession, and won for yourselves imperish- 
able renown. 

I hope this Medal will be received with as much pleasure as it is given. 

Allow me in behalf of those I represent, as well as for myself, to ex- 
press our best wishes for your health, happiness and prosperity. 

I have the honor to be, with much respect and esteem, 

Your obedient servant, SOLOMON CHERRY, Cor. Sec. 

(51) 



52 

New Orleans, July 7th, 1856. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq. 

Dear Sir : — I have received from you as corresponding secretary of 
the Howard Association of Norfolk your letter of May 25th, with the ac- 
companying gold medal, presented to me as one of the volunteer physi- 
cians in the epidemic of 1855. I thank you personally for the tone of 
your sentiments, and am proud of the opportunity that enabled me to 
Berve you as one of a profession devoted to the study and relief of human 
maladies under all hazards and sacrifices. I honor you for this enduring 
testimonial, and am happy to express my unqualified approbation of the 
spirit and mode in which it has been conceived and executed. 

With respect and esteem, yours, WARREN STONE. 



New Orleans, June 14, 1856. 

My Dear Sir: — I have to acknowledge receipt of your kind favors of 
the 28th and 25th ultimo, the former accompanied by five Gold Medals, 
presented by the Howard Association of Norfolk, to Drs. Thos. Peniston, 
W. Stone, McFarlane, C. Beard, and myself, as tokens of gratitude on 
the part of that Association for services rendered by us to the citizens 
of Norfolk, during the terrible pestilence which recently swept over that 
devoted city. I shall ever preserve this medal as a memento of harrow- 
ing scenes of distress, and of the chivalric bearing of the profession to 
which I have the honor to belong, when contending with " the pestilence 
that walketh in darkness and destroyeth at noonday." 

If I should ever visit Norfolk again, I hope I shall have the pleasure of 
seeing a suitable monument erected to your own medical heroes who so 
nobly fell in that dreadful conflict with the unseen enemy. 

Your honorable and benevolent Association may rest assured that on 
my part, this medal is " received with as much pleasure as it is given " 
"by you. 

Thanking you for the kind and flattering expressions with which you 
have conveyed this testimonial of gratitude, and hoping that your city 
may never again be visited by such a pestilence as that of 1855, I have 
the honor to subscribe myself, Your friend, &c, E. D. TENNER. 

To Solomon Cherry, Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk, Va. 



New Orleans, July 9th, 1856. 

Mr. Solomon Cherry, Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk, Va. 

My Dear Sir: — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your 
communication of the 25th of May ult., and the accompanying gold medal. 
Receive my thanks for these marks of the consideration of the distin- 
guished society which you represent, and believe me they are accepted 
in the same spirit in which they are given. 

I remain, dear sir, with much respect, 

Your obedient servant, C. BEARD. 



New Orleans, June 22d, 1856. 

Messrs. A. B. Cooke, R. W. Bowden, James G. .Pollard, George R» 

Drummond, and Solomon Cherry, Committee. 

Gentlemen: — The beautiful medal, together with the very flattering 
appreciation of my feeble services in behalf of the sick during the preva 
lence of the fever in your city last summer, has been duly received. 



53 

Such testimonials of esteem from the noble Association whose 'inde- 
fatigable exertions accomplished so much good on that trying occasion, 
and without which the best directed medical attendance could have been 
but of little avail, cannot but be highly agreeable to those who are the re- 
cipients. 

While returning you, in the name of my profession, my unfeigned 
thanks for the same, allow me, through you, to acknowledge my indebted- 
ness personally to the citizens of Norfolk, for the many marks of attention 
and regard shown me, both during and since my short residence among 
them. Hoping that you may never again suffer a like affliction, I remain, 
gentlemen, with many kind wishes for your prosperity and happiness in- 
dividually, Very sincerely your friend, and obedient servant, 

THOS. PENISTON, M. D. 



New Orleans, June 26th, 1856. 

Dear Str: — On my return home yesterday, after an absence of several 
weeks from the city, I received your kind letter, dated 25th of May, in- 
forming me, in behalf of the Howard Association of Norfolk, of the 
adoption of a resolution by them to present gold medals to the volunteer 
physicians who visited your city during the epidemic of 1855 ; at the same 
time. I received, through Adams' Express, the medal awarded to me by 
the Association. I accept, with feelings of gratification, this compli- 
mentary token of appreciation of my services. 

When I learned that yellow fever had become epidemic in Norfolk, and 
that the number of cases was so great as to render it impossible for the 
resident physicians there to attend to all, I felt that philanthropy de- 
manded assistance from the medical profession abroad; and to the profes- 
sion.in southern cities, where this terrible disease so often prevails ; where 
physicians have opportunities, not elsewhere afforded, of becoming fa- 
miliar with its character and the best manner of treating it, and where, 
by acclimation they acquire immunity from the disease, and can, there- 
fore, with greater confidence, meet and combat this dread enemy of man 
— to these physicians it seemed to me, that this demand was most impera- 
tively addressed. 

I felt, therefore, that as I had seen much of yellow fever, had once had 
an attack of the disease, and being on a short sojourn in the neighboring 
city of Baltimore, I would be recreant to the highest and holiest duty of 
a physician, a Christian and philanthropist, if I refused to obey this de- 
mand, to visit your afflicted city and contribute my efforts, however feeble, 
to the relief of sufferers from the pestilence. 

I went, actuated only by charity, I expected and desired no other reward 
but the pleasing consciousness of having discharged my duty, and there 
are, I doubt not, persons now in Norfolk and also at Point Washington 
who know that I refused pecuniary compensation when generously offered 
by individuals whom I attended. 

Be pleased, dear sir, to present to the Howard Association my best 
wishes for success in their noble cause, and accept for yourself the as- 
surance of my sincere regard. WM. P. WILLIAMS, M. D. 

To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec, Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 



New Orleans, June 28th, 1856. 
Respected Sir: — I have received through your kind interventions 
beautiful and valuable gold medal, adorned with chaste and descriptive 
devices, from the Howard Association of Norfolk, Virginia. 



54' 

Viewing this precious and interesting memento as an acknowledgment 
of services rendered during the melancholy visitation which desolated your 
refined and hospitable city, I feel sensibly how little I merit such a dis- 
tinguished mark of approbation. 

I arrived in Norfolk at a late period of the epidemic, and found the 
field occupied by the generous and devoted spirits who had hurried thither 
from almost every quarter of the United States ; and comparing my im- 
perfect desire to be useful with the constant, untiring, laborious, devoted 
and successful exertions of Drs. Ravenel, Huger, and others, of Charles- 
ton, Drs. Reed, Dunn, and Donaldson, of Savannah, Dr. Miller, of Mobile, 
and the host of medical philanthropists and kindred spirits in every de- 
partment from other States and cities, my feeble and imperfect services 
shrink into insignificance; and the only consolation left me is the reflection 
that our objects and motives were the same, " to stay, so far as human 
means were adequate, the ravages of the disease, to bind up the broken 
hearted, and comfort those that mourned/' 

It would seem that from the most dire calamities which can afflict our 
species, some gleam of consolation can still be extracted. 

The epidemics of recent years have developed a new and holy principle 
in the human heart — one, I am proud to say, peculiar to our own age and 
country. 

In all former ages, and in every other country where a desolating epi- 
demic prevailed, " Save himself who can," has been the cry, and all who 
could have made their escape; but it has been reserved for our age and 
country, on the announcement of a deadly pestilence in a distant city, to 
see hundreds hurrying to the seat of desolation, to encourage and inspire 
the despondent, and alleviate the sufferings of the afflicted. 

With such examples of disinterested benevolence before us, may we not 
be permitted to feel a glow of honest pride in our country, which has 
initiated such a divine system ; and with such exhibitions of individual 
devotion and benevolence, may we not be indulged in feelings of admira- 
tion of our race ? True it is, these examples of devotion and benevolence 
have so far been principally confined to the southern portions of our 
country, but how long will it be before the destroying angel shall flap his 
sable wings over the north ? 

The extraordinary movements of yellow fever, for the last few years, 
have awakened a feeling of the most profound solicitude on this subject. 
In former years yellow fever prevailed as far north as Canada ; and New 
York and Philadelphia were not unfrequently the victims of its deadly 
ravages ; but for the last thirty or forty years it has gradually receded 
from the scenes of its former visitations, and has steadily approached the 
tropical latitudes, until a few years since, when Rio Janeiro was over- 
whelmed and almost depopulated by its new and tremendous ravages. 

Mankind then, while sympathising with her afflicted inhabitants, flat- 
tered themselves that it had at length found a congenial and intertropical 
home, and that it had left our northern regions forever. But alas for the 
imperfection of human calculation ! from that very period the fearful dis- 
ease began to regurgitat^, and is now as steadily and implacably travel- 
ling northward as it formerly did in an opposite direction. 

Will not the day soon arrive when the puissant and overbearing north 
will call on the maligned and injured south for succor? 

Boston, New York and Philadelphia are mighty cities, and their pros- 
perity has inflated them with pride and arrogance ; but should the divine 
edict go forth, should the pestilence which walketh in darkness overtake 
them, will physicians conversant with the disease, and nurses thoroughly 
instructed as to the proper management of the dire malady, take their 



55 

lives in their hands and hasten from the south to the relief of tho.;e who 
have been so long toiling for the overthrow of our institutions, and pre- 
dicting our ruin? or will the boasted power of these mighty metropolises 
be annihilated, and their astounded inhabitants be scattered as with the 
besom of destruction? 

These are questions which time alone can answer, but they may con- 
tribute in their sphere to demonstrate the propriety of cultivating peace, 
good-will and nnion between the various portions of our country. 

In relation to your own inestimable services in Norfolk, gentlemen, 
permit me to remark, that language fails me to express my admiration of 
the heroic devotion which stimulated you to seek out and relieve the 
stricken sons and daughters of affliction, at the imminent peril of your 
own lives: nor does it detract from the merit of your noble deeds, that 
they were performed in behalf of your friends, neighbors, and fellow-citi- 
zens ; for of all the unnatural acts which blacken the melancholy records 
of pestilence, none stands so conspicuously pre-eminent as the inhuman 
system of non-intercourse between the sick and well (the deadly fruit of 
the Upas tree of contagion). But you, gentlemen, casting behind at the 
same time the traditionary speculations of bigoted old fogyism — conta- 
gion — as well as the fear of death, and animated only by the holy inspi- 
rations of philanthropy, dedicated yourselves day and night to the miti- 
gation of human misery and the preservation of human life. 

Yellow fever is formidable in an exactly reverse ratio to its frequency, 
and while those delegations who went to Norfolk from quarters periodi- 
cally visited by yellow fever, are entitled to all honor for their humanity 
and benevolence in leaving their homes to contribute to the welfare of 
your citizens, yet they did so in comparative security, not being liable 
to the disease. But you, gentlemen of the Howard Association of Norfolk, 
rendered your aid at the imminent peril of your lives, for you were all 
liable at any moment to be swept away by the dread pestilence which you 
were combating. May your glorious deeds be appreciated and rewarded ! 

Indeed, you may be said to have already received that portion of your 
reward which is said to be inseparable from virtuous actions, for exclusive 
of the meed of universal approbation, and the fiat, " Well done good and 
faithful public servants, "you have by your very heroism, rendered yourselves 
secure from danger hereafter, for as genuine yellow fever never assails the 
same individual again, should you ever be again called upon to minister 
to the sick and suffering under similar circumstances, you can do so with 
a feeling of perfect impunity. 

For the voluntary testimonial which you have so kindly bestowed upon 
me, I regard it, and shall preserve it, less as an indication of my de- 
merits than of your generosity — as a pleasing but melancholy memento 
of the circumstances which brought me into contact with a band of pure 
philanthropists — and as a stimulus to the future performance of the duties 
of humanity. 

With feelings of the most sincere regard, I remain, sir, 

Yours, respectfully, J. S. McFARLANE. 

To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of the Norfolk Howard Association. 



Savannah, June 19th, 1856. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq. 

Dear Sir : — The medals forwarded by you from the Howard Association 
of Norfolk have been received. We feel gratified with this testimonial, 
for it is pleasing to know that our efforts to aid fellow-beings in distress 
have been appreciated. Be assured that the medals will be cherished by 



56 

us as mementoes of our connection with you, in contending with the 
dreadful pestilence that ravaged your fair city last summer. Trusting 
that your city will be spared from such terrible dispensations of the divine 
will, We remain yours truly, 

JAMES B. READ, M. D., 
THOS. J. CHARLTON, M. D., 
J. T. McFARLAND, 
R. J. NUNN, M. D. 



Savannah, Ga., June 13th, 1856. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

My Dear Sir : — Your favor of the 25th May, accompanying medal from 
the Howard Association of Norfolk, for my son, Dr. James E Godfrey, 
was received a few days since. My son being absent in Europe for the 
purpose of prosecuting the study of his profession, I take this occasion 
to acknowledge the receipt of the medal and your kind favor, and in his 
behalf return my sincere thanks to the Association of which you are the 
Corresponding Secretary, for this mark of respect for him, and apprecia- 
tion of his services to the afflicted citizens of Norfolk during the preva- 
lence of the unprecedented scourge visited upon them during the last 
summer. 

He yielded to the promptings of a generous nature in offering his ser- 
vices to the citizens of Norfolk at that time ; and having passed through 
a similar visitation at his own home the season previous, was prepared to 
sympathise with your people under like circumstances. Be assured, my 
dear sir, the consciousness of having ministered to his suffering country- 
men, and the hope that his efforts in their behalf were not altogether fruit- 
less, was ample reward for the risk he ran and the labor he underwent. 

This beautiful, tasteful, and altogether appropriate memento of the As- 
sociation to him, will always be regarded and cherished with the warmest 
gratitude of his heart. Be kind enough to assure your noble Association 
of his sincere appreciation of this act of their kindness to him, and ac- 
cept for yourself his warmest thanks personally for the kind manner in 
which it has been delivered. 

Hoping your people may ever be spared such another calamity, and 
that they may enjoy uninterrupted health and happiness, 

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

JAS. E. GODFREY, SR. 



Augusta, Ga. June 4th, 1856. 
Mr. Solomon Cherry, Cor. Sec. Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

My Dear Sir: — It affords me much pleasure to acknowledge the re- 
ceipt of your kind favor of the 25th May, accompanied by a beautiful 
gold medal, presented through you by the Howard Association of Norfolk, 
Va. I return you, sir, and through you the Howard Association, my sin- 
cere and heartfelt thanks, for the very kind and flattering manner in 
which you have been pleased to notice my feeble services during my stay 
in Norfolk, and now, sir, allow me to express my best wishes for the health 
and prosperity of your beautiful city ; may many years elapse ere it is 
again visited by so terrible a pestilence as that of 1855. 

I have the honor to be, with much respect and esteem, 

Your obedient servant, A. F. BIGNON, M. D. 



57 

Charleston, June 5th, 1856. 

My Dear Sir: — I received yesterday the medal presented to me by the 
Howard Association of Norfolk, and the very handsome letter, in which 
you communicate to me the act of the Association. 

This recognition of the services which we were enabled to render to the 
sufferers of your city is, of course, most gratifying to the feelings of all 
who receive it. For myself, I have to tender my most respectful thanks 
to the Howard Association for this testimonial of esteem, and to yourself, 
sir, for the very flattering terms in which you have expressed their senti- 
ments. I am, sir, very respectfully, ST. JULIAN RAVENEL. 

Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec, Howard Association. 



Charleston, S. C, June 3rd, 1856. 

My Dear Sir: — I have the honor to acknowledge your letter of the 
25th May, and to express to you the very deep impression made on my 
mind by the "action" of the Howard Association. That beautiful medal, 
presented in your behalf, by our Mr. Ravenel, should be my incentive 
and my reward in other trials. And let me ask you to be assured, that 
it is received, as it is offered, in a spirit of fraternal sympathy, with re- 
collections which time will not obliterate ; that it will be cherished as a pre- 
cious gift, warm from the hearts of those, with whom it was our privilege 
to suffer! and as a touching and approving "testimonial," from men 
bravely and piously associated together, for the highest purposes that 
"humanity" can dictate. 

My poor services have been estimated far beyond their value, but I am 
quite certain that my colleagues would again beckon me to your side in 
any future trouble, and that we would endeavour to deserve the com- 
mendation you have so generously bestowed. 

I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, W. H. HUGER, M. D. 

To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Howard Association, Norfolk. 



Charleston, June 14th. 

Dear Sir: — I much regret that absence and ill health has prevented 
me from an earlier acknowledgment of your favor of the 25th ult, re- 
ce ved through the hands of Mr. Ravenel of this city, to whom it was en- 
trusted for delivery. 

You will be kind enough to tender my acknowledgments to the gen- 
tlemen whom you represent, for the handsome testimonial accompanying 
the above, and will receive my thanks for the very flattering manner in 
which you have been pleased to refer to the circumstances eliciting them. 

A simple act of duty prompted by their necessities, and the call which 
reached us from a suffering and afflicted neighbor, renders superfluous 
any other construction, than that implied by a natural response, and is 
amply compensated by the pleasure arising from the discharge of a com- 
mon obligation, as morally imperative as I would believe it to be both 
generally acknowledged and conceded. 

While regretting its necessity, I am happy in the opportunity which 
presented of serving you, and sincerely hope, that from the hearts of your 
afflicted people the veil of sorrow may soon be lifted up, and the past sad 
and eventful epoch in the history of your city remain a solitary exception 
to that of its future health and prosperity. 

I cordially reciprocrate with you and each member of the Association 
in the kindly sentiments expressed, and in the hope of renewing under 



58 

more favourable auspices an acquaintance, however sad, not unmingled 
by agreeable associations, beg leave to subscribe myself with much re- 
spect and esteem, Yours truly, T. CAMPBELL SERINE, M. D. 

To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of the Howard Association, Nor- 
folk, Ya. 



Baltimore, June 23rd, 1856. 
To Solomon Cherry, Esq., See. of Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

My Dear Sir : — Absence from home, on a tour to the west, prevented 
me acknowledging at an earlier date, the receipt of the very chaste and 
beautiful testimonial, which your Association has kindly thought fit to 
award me in consideration of my humble services during the fatal epide- 
mic of the past year. The gift itself, as well as the complimentary letter 
accompanying it, has impressed me most sensibly, and I would respect- 
fully beg of you to present my grateful thanks to the members of the As- 
sociation for this gracious manifestation of their remembrance and esteem. 

Cherishing a lively recollection of your own politeness on this as well 
as on former occasions, I remain, my dear sir, 

Most respectfully and truly yours, WM. MORRIS. 



Philadelphia, 3rd June, 1856. 

To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of the Howard Association," Nor- 
folk Va. 

My Dear Sir: — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your communica- 
tion of the 25th ultimo, on behalf of the " Howard Association," together 
with the accompanying " gold medal" to which it refers. 

For the partial and flattering terms in which you are pleased to speak 
of my professional sojourn during the visitation of the epidemic last sum- 
mer, I offer my warm thanks ; and I aceept with pleasure the beautiful 
and appropriate testimonial by which you desire to commemorate it. 

It needed no enlarged philanthropy to respond with alacrity to that 
condition of severe and prolonged suffering, which characterized Norfolk 
and its vicinity in the summer of 1855. It might have been answered 
by the principle of universal charity, from any people, and from any 
quarter. To us it came with the irresistible appeal of common country, 
of common kindred, and of neighborhood. 

But these were not the only motives impelling to afford such succor 
as the emergency required. Rightly considered, the profession of medi- 
cine calls upon all who adopt it, to relinquish, in a certain degree, the 
ordinary claims of individual advantages ; and there exists upon its disci- 
ples the obligation of being ever ready to minister to the wants of sick- 
ness and of infirmity. 

To the honorable warmth, then, of your gratitude, rather than to the 
merit of the physician, must be ascribed the spirit and the language of 
your letter. 

Be assured that both it, and the elegant token which it illustrates, must 
be ever dear to the heart and to the memory of, Very respectfully, 

and sincerely yours, &c, WM. HENRY FREEMAN, M. D. 



New York, May 31, 1856. 
S. Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk, Va. 
My Dear Sir : — I have before me your kind letter which I have read 



59 

over and over again. The emotions it has awakened in my breast are so 
great that it deprives me of the power of finding adequate expression as 
a suitable answer to your epistle. 

I acknowledge the receipt of the gold medal, the Association has been 
kind to send me, and I b?g of you to assure them, that I look upon it as 
the most sacred gift and badge of honor they could bestow on us, and 
that I feel prouder of this distinction, than of all the glittering crosses of 
honor monarchical Europe could have heaped on us. 

Please to receive my sincere and heartfelt thanks, and my everlasting 
good wishes for the future welfare of the city of Norfolk and your noble 
institution, the Howard Association. I have the honor to be, 

Your respectful servant, WILLIAM HORWITZ. 



Richmond, June 4th, 1856. <] 

Messrs. Solomon Cherry, and others of the Howard Association of Nor 
folk, Va. 

Your very elegant and highly complimentary letter of the 25 th, an- 
nouncing that you had sent to me a medal, was received, together with 
the medal. It is truly beautiful and gotten up with taste, elegance, and 
skill, commensurate with the magnanimity of your Association. Merely to 
say that it was received with pleasure, would be giving but a feeble ex- 
pression to the intense gratification it conferred, and doing as much in- 
justice to my own feelings as to the object for which it was bestowed. 
Its value can only be measured by the knowledge of its being merited, 
and that the public have thus decided gives me infinite pleasure. It does 
indeed awaken emotions of a painful nature, but the consciousness of 
duty performed and sufferings alleviated is mingled with those, until the 
pain is closely allied to pleasure. 

I think with sadness of my noble compeers. They are fallen; — the 
angel of death in his ruthless flight flapped his dark wings over their 
devoted heads, and with his icy fingers feeling among the heart-strings, 
snapped the vital chord, even while it was vibrating with the deepest love 
and most entire self-sacrifice. They are fallen, but they receive a far 
higher merit of honor than is in the power of man to bestow. 

Please, gentlemen, accept my thanks and allow me the honor to sub- 
scribe myself, with great respect, Your most obedient servant, 

JNO. T. HARGROVE. 



Norfolk, May 28th, 1856. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of the Howard Association of Norfolk. 

My Dear Sir: — I have just received the Medal which is presented to 
me by the Howard Association of Norfolk, as a remembrance for my 
services during the epidemic of 1855. Please tender to your worthy 
society my sincere thanks for their elegant and appropriate present, men- 
tioning also that their gift will be cherished by me not less for its own 
value than for a multitude of friendly associations growing out of the 
troubles of last summer. To yourself, I can only repeat my profound 
sense of obligation for all the distinguished expressions conveyed in your 
letter, yet I lament to think that my efforts in behalf of this suffering 
community little deserve that high praise which you have been 
pleased to bestow upon them. My earnest hope for the future is, 
that Norfolk may be spared from pestilence, that your valuable and phi- 
lanthropic society may enjoy increased prosperity, and that your excellent 



name will be preserved hereafter as a conspicuous benefactor of this city 
and people during its season of severest trial. A. B. WILLIMAN. 



Norfolk, Va., May 28th, 1856. 
Esteemed Gentlemen of the Howard Association of Norfolk : 

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your chaste and beautiful medal, 
in remembrance of my services to the community of Norfolk, during the 
late unprecedented epidemic. This memorial with its accompanying 
friendly and complimentary letter, will ever be cherished by me, as an 
emblem of your intellectual, benevolent, and philanthropic Association. 

Gentlemen, the occasion forcibly revives agreeable, though melancholy, 
recollections of those who labored with us in our fearful duty, and who 
fell in the performance of that duty ; agreeable from the recollections of 
their many virtues and from the noble cause in which they fell, melan- 
choly from the reflection that any exigency should arise which should 
require such a noble sacrifice. Your obedient servant, 

S. D. CAMPBELL, M. D. 



Norfolk, Va., May 28th, 1856. 

Solomon Cherry, Esq., 

Dear Sir : — The gold medal, which your noble Association has seen fit 
to award me for services rendered to your community during the epidemic 
of 1855, has been duly received ; likewise your kind favor in reference to 
same. Allow me to express, through you, to your society, (which you 
represent,) my sincere thanks for their handsome present; as well as 
their appreciation of my feeble efforts on that fearful occasion. 

For yourself. Sir, be pleased to accept my acknowledgment, for the 
courteous manner in which you have made the presentation, and fulfilled 
the duty, intrusted to your care. In conclusion, let me wish your Associa- 
tion " God speed" in its mission of mercy ; and its members, individually 
and collectively, that health and happiness which they so richly merit. 
Most respectfully, I remain your obedient servant, 

JNO. B. HOLMES, 

To Solomon Cherry, Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk. 



Norfolk, May 29th, 1856. 
Mr. Solomon Cherry, Cor. Sec. of Howard Association. 

Sir: — With feelings of no ordinary (yet melancholy) pleasure, I ac- 
knowledge the receiptof the very beautiful medal, with the accompanying 
letter, which your noble Association have so kindly presented. 

Believe me, both will be ever cherished. With sincere respect and heart- 
felt wishes for the happiness of each member of the Howard Association 
of the city of Norfolk, I remain yours, J. E. MARSH. 



To the Members of the Howard Association of Norfolk. 

Gentlemen: — In acknowledging the receiptof the gold medal presented 
by you to me as one of the volunteer physicians who came to your relief 
during the terrible pestilence of 1855, allow me to express to you my sin- 
cere and grateful thanks for this testimony of your appreciation of my 
services during that time of sickness and death. 

,The medical fraternity are necessarily exposed to constant dangers and 



61 

trials, which they ever cheerfully encounter ; but there are times, like 
that in which we were co-laborers with you, when every beat of the 
heart is made in sympathy with the extraordinary afflictions of our 
fellow-citizens, and our professional concern for the sick and dying is 
awfully intensified by the suddenness and violence of their attacks, ap- 
pealing with dreadful anguish to every emotion that can stir the heart 
in behalf of suffering humanity, and exciting to almost super-human 
efforts to stay the hand of the destroyer, and to smooth the passage of the 
dying through " the valley of the shadow of death." 

At such times every personal consideration must give way to philan- 
thropy, and self be merged into the unity of humanity ; but it is consoling 
to feel that such services to the brotherhood of man carry with them a 
reward, richer and dearer than the " gold of Ophir;" and in reviewing 
my past labors in your city during the pestilence, I shall ever have the 
satisfaction of feeling that they were not altogether in vain. 

Although the medal will call up many painful associations connected 
with my professional duties in Norfolk, I shall ever treasure it as a pre- 
cious testimonial of the grateful feelings which prompted its bestowal, 
and as an incentive to higher exertions and greater sacrifices for the good 
of my afflicted fellow-men. 

Again thanking you for this elegant gift, and for the flattering manner 

in which it was presented, and expressing the hope that your beautiful 

city may never again be visited by the pestilence which was the occasion 

of my visit here, and also my wishes for your prosperity and happiness. 

I have the honor to be your obedient servant, 

W. S. DONALDSON, M. D. 



By a resolution of the Association, gold medals were presented to Pro- 
fessor W. Porcher Miles, of Charleston, Judge W. Milo Olin, of Augusta, 
Georgia, Messrs. William Ballantine and Albert II. Jennett, of Mobile ; 
and also to Miss Annie M. Andrews, of Louisiana ; for their philanthro- 
pic and invaluable services. Letters of presentation were addressed to 
them, and we here give their responses so far as have been received. 

Mayor's Office, Charleston, June 5, 1856. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk, Va, 

Dear Sir :-— I have had the honor of receiving your communication of 
the 30th ultimo, informing me of the presentation to me of a gold medal, 
by the Howard Association of Norfolk, for services rendered the people 
of Norfolk during the pestilence of 1855. I had received the medal the 
day before, through the hands of Daniel Ravenel, Esq, the President of 
the Howard Association of Charleston, to whose care it had been sent. 

Allow me through you, to express to the Norfolk Association my sense 
of the honor they have conferred upon me, by their beautiful testimonial, 
and to assure them of my deep appreciation of the feeling which has 
actuated them. 

It was a matter of obvious duty on the part of the citizens of Charles- 
ton to go to the assistance of the suffering sick in Norfolk. I trust that 
South Carolina will ever be ready in the hour of trial — of whatever na- 
ture that trial may be — to take her place by the side of Virginia — to 
share her dangers and alleviate her calamities. 

With renewed expressions of my high sense of the honor conferred 
upon me by your Association, and mj [best acknowledgments for the 



62 

very kind and flattering manner in which you have communicated to me 
their action. I remain, dear sir, with respect and esteem, 

Your obedient servant, WM. PORCHES, MILES. 



Mobile, 22nd June, 1851. 
To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: It is with much pleasure that I acknowledge the receipt of 
your favor of the 29th ultimo, and accompanying beautiful tokens of 
your esteem. 

Permit me not only for myself, but for the society, (the Can't-Get-Away 
Club,) whom I assisted in representing, to return thanks for the kind 
and beautiful remembrance of the small aid we were enabled to bring 
to the afflicted of your city, the past summer. 

And may it be long, if ever, sir, your beautiful city be again the scene 
of pestilence and woe, like the past. With much respect, 

I have the honor to remain, your obedient servant, 

WILLIAM BALLAD TINE. 



Mobile, Aug. 7th, 1856. 
To the President, and Members, of the Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Gentlemen. :— -In the name of the Can't-Get-Away Club of this city, and 
for myself, I return you our thanks for the very handsome medals you 
have awarded to Mr. Ballantine, to Dr. Miller, and to myself. 

We accept the medals as the expression of your appreciation of what 
we endeavored to do : that we were not able to do more, was our mis- 
fortune, gentlemen, as it was your loss. 

Nevertheless, " nihil sine voluntate," we had been able to do nothing 
had there not been a will to back us in the persons of our worthy Presi- 
dent, Mr. Jno. Hurtel, and his most efficient, and when the call is from 
charity, (1 Cor. xiii. 3, 8, 13,) most indefatigable Secretary, Mr. Jas. 
M. Park. 

Again, gentlemen, accept the very proud thanks, proud on account of 
your approbation, though not for their own merits, of those I have the 
honor to represent, and of, Your obedient servant, 

ALBERT H. JENNETT. 



National Hotel, Norfolk, Va., April 18th, 1857. 
A. B. Cooke, Esq., President of the Howard Association. 

Sir : — Permit me to tender you, and through you to the Howard As- 
sociation, my grateful acknowledgments and appreciation of the token 
of favour which you have been pleased this day to bestow upon me. 

I shall ever hold it a cherished memorial, a bond of union betwixt you 
and me, significant of that time when, through Providence, I was permitted 
to cast my mite of sympathy and aid into the rich treasure of kindly care 
and concern so lavishly poured out for Norfolk in her time of need. 

The beautiful trinity, " Faith, Hope, and Charity," and the "Good 
Samaritan/' (your own appropriately chosen devices,) be it mine to emu- 
late ; and be assured that with these before me, I shall never be forgetful 
of the "■ Association" by which these emblems have been transmitted to 
me. 

With earnest wishes for yourself and those whom you represent, as for 
your city generally, 

I am yours truly, ANNIE M. ANDREWS. 



GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE. 



At a meeting of the citizens of Fredricksburg, held at the Court House, 
on Friday evening, the 17th August, among others, the following resolu- 
tion was unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That the authorities of Norfolk and Portsmouth be in- 
formed, that there are no quarantine regulations existing here, that all 
the avenues to our salubrious town are open, and will be kept open, and 
if necessary for the comfort of any that may visit us from the afflicted 
cities aforesaid, that our doors will be open also. 

Resolved, That the mayor of the town, be, and is hereby requested to 
send copies of this proceeding, (this) resolution, to the respective mayors 
of Norfolk, and Portsmouth. 

Copy from minutes. [Signed.] GALIUL JOHNSON, Secretary. 



Baltimore, August 18th, 1855. 
To the Howard Association". 

Gentlemen : — By this day's boat we send to your address, 12 barrels 
wine biscuit, to assist in alleviating the sufferings of your unfortunate 
city. Deeply do we sympathize with you in your affliction, and we sin- 
cerely pray that the terrible scourge which is now devastating your place 
may be removed, and health be restored. 

Gentlemen, may your noble and generous devotion to the sick and suf- 
fering be amply rewarded ; and in the exercise of your philanthropic duties 
may you be preserved from the infection of that malignant disease. 

We are, gentlemen, truly yours, 
[Signed.] JAMES D. MASON & CO., No. 98 Pratt st. 



Banking House of Sweeny, Rittenhouse & Co., ) 
Washington City, August 18th, 1855. j 

My Dear Woodis : — Little did I suppose when we parted as classmates 
in college, twenty years since, that the first communication which I should 
have with you, would be one of condolence. 

But, Providence has so ordered it ! and I assure you of my heart-felt 
sympathy for yourself individually, and for the community over which 
you preside. 

Words would answer very little purpose however on an occasion like 
this present, when suffering and distress pervade the citizens of your vi- 
cinity, and I have opened our place of business for the reception of the 
gifts of the charitable ; which gifts I will forward with all practicable 
dispatch. The first instalment I enclose to you to day, the half of which 

(63) 



64 

you will be pleased to retain, and the residue place in the hands of the 
proper authorities of Portsmouth and Gosport. 

I am very truly, your friend, and obedient servant, 
I enclose $258 50. [Signed.] H. B. SWEENY. 



Franktown, P. 0. Northampton, Aug. 19th, 1855. 
H. Woodis, Esq. 

Sir: — Whilst the Almighty in his mysterious wisdom has seen fit to afflict 
your city with such an awful scourge ; let me tender through you to such 
of the citizens as choose to avail themselves of the opportunity, the hos- 
pitalities of my house, until the disease is allayed. It truly grieves me to 
see the monster consigning to eternal doom so many of our fellow men, 
and more grievous is it to see so many closing their doors upon those 
that are seeking an asylum from its malignant grasp. 
I remain, very truly, your obedient servant, 
Locust Grove. [Signed.] WILLIAM S. CHRISTIAN. 



Washington, Aug. 22nd, 1855. 
James A. Saunders, Esq., Sec, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — I have the pleasure to enclose one hundred dollars, being 
the contribution received to day. Fifty dollars of the above was sent by 
the President of the United States, form the Red Sulphur Springs. A lady, 
Mrs. Jones, has nobly volunteered to go to Norfolk, and I have given her 
a letter of introduction to you, and I hope she may be useful to your 
society. Yours of the 18th received, my respects to Capt. B. 

Your obedient servant, [Signed.] CHARLES S. J. CHUBB. 



B. B. Walter, Esq. 

Dear Sir: — Should it be the will of God, that any of the young men 
in your house die, and neither they nor their friends have any particular 
burial place, I own two lots in Elmwood Cemetery, which I freely — gratis 
— place at your disposal for the reception of their bodies. If you need 
them let me know, and God sparing me health and strength, I will attend 
to the graves myself. Yours, &c, &c, 

Norfolk, Aug. 21st. 1855. [Signed.] ROBERT DALRYMPLE. 



Baltimore, August 18th, 1855. 

To the Treasurer of the Howard Association, at Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — We are in the ice cream business, and would like to make 
a donation for the sick and convalescent, if you would allow it to be used. 
It is pure cream, and we would send it with, or without flavour, as you 
might direct. Please let us know if it would be acceptable. Yours, 
[Signed.] JACOB FUSSEL & CO., Saratoga st, near Calvert. 



Mayor's Office, \ 
Savannah, 21st Aug., 1855. j 

Hon. Hunter Woodis, Mayor of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — The citizens of Savannah, bearing in grateful recollection 
the benevolent liberality extended to them from all parts of our country, 
during the ravages of the yellow fever here in the summer of 1854, have* in- 



65 

structed me to forward the enclosed check of five hundred dollars, for the 
relief of the indigent sick of Norfolk and its vicinity. Be pleased to con- 
vey to them our sympathies in the distress now hanging so heavily over 
your people, and apply the within sum to their necessities. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 
[Signed.] EDWARD C. ANDERSON". 



Washington City, Aug 22d, 185o 
HuntehWoodis, Mayor of Norfolk. 

My Dear Sir: — My residence on the Bay near Old Point is as healthy 
a spot as can be found fronting the ocean. It lies between the capes ; 
and no disease infectious in its character can exist there. 

There are two cottages, with 12 rooms, a kitchen with 4 rooms, and all 
the necessary out houses, good cistern, &c. 

Please use them as if they were your own, free of all charge, as long as 
you wish it, and make them administer to the relief of your city, either 
as a hospital or for the use of any of its citizens. 

It is in f of an hour of Norfolk, and a public road from Old Point leads 
to it. 

Mr. Wm. E. Barnes, near Old Point, has the keys. 

Yours very truly, [Signed.] JAMES W. FRENCH. 



Savannah, August 22d, 1855. 

Hon. Hunter Woodis, Mayor of Norfolk. 

Sir : — Enclosed, you will find a check for $1272, — a cheerful offering 
from the people of Savannah, for the relief of the sufferers from Yellow 
Fever in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Gosport. You will please apply it as 
the wants of each may demand. 

Praying that the citizens of my native state may speedily be delivered 
from the scourge which last year so sorely afflicted this, my adopted city, 

I am, very respectfully, 
Your obedient servant, [Signed.] R. B. HILTON. 



Shocco Springs, August 29th, 1855. 

To F. B. Ferguson, Esq., Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — Enclosed, you will find a check for fifty-five dollars, which 
I have elicited from my relatives and friends, at this place, for the suf- 
ferers of Norfolk and Portsmouth ; and, " though poor the offering be/' 
I sincerely hope it may in a degree serve to alleviate the distresses of some 
of those poor children of want and affliction, placed under your charge, 
with whom I truly sympathize. Respectfully, &c, 

[Signed.] MRS. M. S. SURANDER. 

Roseland, Elizabeth City Co., Aug. 31, 1855. 

My Dear Sir: — Having learned that it is proposed, as a means of ar- 
resting the pestilence, that is scourging your city, to remove as many of 
its citizens as possible, to another locality, (if a suitable one can be had,) 
I hasten to say, that I have two large fields (70 acres each) situated im- 
mediately on Hampton Road, which are entirely at the service of the 
Howard Association, and the citizens of Norfolk and Portsmouth. If by 
the erection of temporary buildings, or the raising of tents, an asylum 
5 



■ 

66 

can be found on my humble premises by those who would flee the pesti 
lence, I am sure it will afford me the utmost pleasure to dedicate them 
to so holy and humane a purpose. The location is eminently healthy and 
entirely accessible, as I have a wharf at Mill Creek, which can be reached 
by vessels of considerable burthen, and any aid I can render by giving 
the use of my team, or otherwise, will be most cheerfully afforded. 
With deepest sympathy for your afflicted people, 

I am your obedient servant, [Signed.] JAS. SEGAN. 

Wm. B. Ferguson, Esq., Pres. Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Eichmond, Aug. 23d, f 855. 
To Hunter Woodis, Esq., Mayor of the city of Norfolk. 

Sir: — It has become my pleasing duty as chairman of a meeting of the 
citizens of Richmond, to enclose to you, in their name, the sum of nineteen 
hundred and nine dollars and eighty-six cents, contributed for the relief 
of the sufferers from the effects of yellow fever in your city. It is proper 
to state, that the sum of three thousand one hundred and eighty-three 
dollars and nine cents was subscribed for Norfolk and Portsmouth, and 
that the committee appointed for the purpose, have deemed it proper to 
divide the amount received between the two places, in the proportion of 
three parts to Norfolk, and two to Portsmouth, being an approximation 
to their respective populations. 

Before the meeting was called, a committee had been appointed by the 
Young Men's Christian Association of this nlace, to solicit contributions 
for the same purpose. It is due to their enlarged philanthropy to say 
that much the larger portion of the amount now remitted was collected 
by them. They have exhibited a commendable zeal in the cause of hu- 
manity, by anticipating the action of the citizens, and endeavoring to 
afford prompt assistance to those who are bound to them, in the endearing 
relation of neighbors and friends. While we present this token of re- 
gard, we are ready, should your necessities require additional assistance, 
to contribute most promptly for your relief. The sum forwarded, em- 
braces also a contribution, from the visitors at the Huguenot Springs, of 
sixty dollars, transmitted to me i4 for the relief of the sick of yellow fever 
in Portsmouth and Norfolk/' and one hundred and four dollars and fifty-six 
cents liberally bestowed by the employees on the Richmond and Peters- 
burg Railroad. The sum of five hundred dollars, heretofore contributed 
by our citizens, has already been forwarded to the Mayor of Portsmouth ' 
by J. W. Randolph, Esq. I cannot close this communication without 
expressing my conviction of the deep sympathy of our entire community 
for the severe affliction and heavy bereavement of our fellow citizens of 
Norfolk. The meeting, by resolution, have tendered the hospitalities of 
the city, and a cordial welcome to all who may remove from the pesti- 
lence and take refuge among us. I can assure them a fraternal greeting. 
With one voice, we unite in invoking the interposition of Providence to 
stay the hand of the destroyer, to restore to you a pure atmosphere and 
perfect health, and grant you, as heretofore, prosperity and happiness. 
Very respectfully, &c, [Signed,] GEORGE W. MUNEORD. 



Sunday, Aug. 26th, 1855. 
Wm. B. Ferguson, Esq., Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — I avail myself of the quiet of this day to renew our corres- 
pondence, and to make suggestions which the bustle of the morning would 
prevent. In order that my fiduciary trust may be correctly audited, I 
have to call your attention to the annexed statement of moneys remitted 



67 

to you, which, please examine, and if found correct, acknowledge to me 
that it may be my voucher for me to this community, up to this period. 

f Draft of Drexels on Gordon, being 
Aug. 15, to Mayor of Norfolk, $350, < collection made prior to call of 

( Public Meeting. 
Pres., 600, Clark's draft on Gordon. 

COO, F. & M. Bank, df't on Bank, Va. 
« 600, " " 

« 140^ « u « 

600, Clark's draft on Gordon. 



it 


n, to ; 


you 


f( 


18, 


« 


(( 


20, 


ii 


(( 


21, 


« 


« 


22, 


<< 


It 


24, 


tt 


11 


25, 


it 



"POO •[ ' ^ ^* Bank, draft on Bank of 
' { Va. at Richmond. 



ti AAf> « " « 



600, 



$5950 independent of Drugs. 

I trust you received the "quinine" this morning ; it went in the mail 
train. Adams' Express is not running. I herewith enclose invoice of 
medicines for your Association, which I have had put up, which with 15 
boxes lemons went by Adams' Express — freight free — to Baltimore, and 
ought to be received by you Tuesday morning at the latest. The list may 
no doubt be imperfect, as there was not time to get professional advice 
upon it. If there is any drug, medicine, chemical, restorative, or tonic, 
or article of diet, which you are out of, or which you think you will want, 
or that your doctors can suggest, let us know by telegraph or mail, and 
it shall be sent immediately. Quinine is manufactured here, probably 
better than anywhere else in the United States. It and calomel are so 
often adulterated, that it has occurred to the writer, that it would be 
proper for you to have your whole supply direct from the laboratory, and 
then you would be sure of having it pure and of uniform potency. What 
say you? There are rare preparations of iron, of French manufacture, — 
iodines, &c, to be had in this city; but as the undersigned is no doctor, 
he can't say if they wouM be useful in yellow fever; your doctors can re- 
flect on it. Ought you not to have liberal quantities of bay rum, cologne 
water, aromatic vinegar and such washes, and likewise abundance of 
lemons, arrow root, tapioca, sago, pearl barley, and oat meal, for the con- 
valescent ? I telegraphed to know if you wanted an apothecary to prepare 
doses. In conversation with my friend, Professor Chas. D. Meige of the 
Jefferson, this afternoon, he suggested that you apply at once to Govern- 
ment for tents, and that you remove the healthy part of your population 
from the town to an elevated region, taking good care that the encamp- 
ment shall be dry and full of comforts, it is not requisite to go far ; a half 
mile or so would answer ; sometimes the boundary and limit of infection 
is well defined ; to remove out of the infected district is the surest of all 
plans to arrest the pestilence in his opinion. I give you the substance of 
his remarks, as well as I can remember them. I shall try to-morrow to 
send on by the mail train, in the care of the mail agent, some pure ice- 
cream, from Delaware Co., Pa. I have seen physicians here about it, and 
they tell me the sick and convalescent could have no better thing. It is 
an article of rare excellence in this vicinity, and if I can arrange for a 
daily transmission of it, you can rely on a constant supply. There are 
keys for Doctor McFadden packed in one of the cases of drugs ; please 
hand them to him. I hope to be able to send you more money, and more 
doctors, and nurses to-morrow,, Yours trulv, 

[Signed.] THOMAS WEBSTER, Jr. 

Chairman of Committee of Belief for Philadelphia 



68 

Phila., Aug. 27, 1855. 

Wm. B. Ferguson, Esq., President of Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Dear Sir : — Please find enclosed, Farmers & Mechanics Bank draft 
on Bank of Virginia, at Richmond, for nine hundred and nine dollars and 
sixteen cents, being the eighth remittance from this community to you. 
This contribution is made up of one day's pay of the master workmen, 
mechanics, and laborers employed in the Navy Yard at this city, and the- 
same amount has been sent to Portsmouth. It is not the intention of 
this committee to publish the names of any contributors to the fund; but 
this is an exception to the rule ; many of these generous-hearted men 
have worked in your city, and have had, and expect again to have, social 
intercourse with your people. It has been a great pleasure to the com- 
mittee to transmit you funds, and I trust it will not be deemed invidious 
to any, to say there is a gratification about this remittance surpassing 
any other. The true dignity of labor could have no better exemplar 
than the genial and free handed sympathy our mechanics and laborers 
offer to your distressed community. Yours truly, 

[Signed.] THOMAS WEBSTER, Jr. 
Chairman of Philadelphia Committee of Relief. 



Office of the Richmond and Petersburg Rail Road Co., 

Richmond, Aug. 27th, 1855. j 
To Capt. Robt. W. Bowden. 

Dear Sir: — Thinking that perhaps it might be thought judicious by 
the authorities, or the officers of the Howard Association of your city, 
and that of Portsmouth, to induce as many persons as yet remain in good 
health to remove so as to decrease the number of victims to the fever, 
(some of which are no doubt in very limited circumstances,) I take the 
liberty of tendering a free passage on board the steamer Augusta to Rich- 
mond, or any point on the river, to any such persons who may be fur- 
nished with a note from you, — the President, or Secretary of the Howard 
Association, or the acting Mayor of either city, stating such facts. I have 
previously addressed you a note dated this day, but found out after it had 
been mailed, that it was not addressed correctly. With a heartfelt sym- 
pathy for the affliction that has befallen your city, I remain, 

Yours very truly. 
[Signed.] THOMAS DODAMEAD, 
Agent of Steamer Augusta. 



New York, Aug. 27th, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — In behalf of the general committee of the citizens of New 
York, appointed on the 19th inst. to collect money for the relief of the 
suffering poor of the towns of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Gosport, we have 
much pleasure in transmitting herewith the sum of three thousand dol- 
lars ($3,000) in the certificate of deposit of the Leather Manufacturers 
Bank, payable to your order. It is the desire of the committee that one- 
half of this sum be applied to the relief of the destitute sufferers of Nor- 
folk, and the other half equally divided between the proper authorities of 
Portsmouth and Gosport, for the relief of the destitute sufferers of those 
places. 

We must ask of you the favor to hand the respective sums to the magis- 
trates of these places. We have much satisfaction in saying to you that 
this community has manifested a warm sympathy with the sufferers in 



69 

your vicinity, and has most cheerfully responded to the call for aid. We 
shall soon have occasion to make you a further remittance, and we re- 
main, with great respect, Your obedient servants, 

[Signed.] P. PERIT, Chairman. 

W. H. MACY, Treasurer. 
To Hunter Woodis, Esq., Mayor of Norfolk, Va. 



Raleigh, N. C, Aug. 30th, 1855. 
To the Howard Association. 

There was handed to me last week a subscription paper for the relief of 
the sufferers of your place : I did not put my name to it. I now enclose 
to you ten dollars ($10) ; it is a small mite, but it is all I can do, and it 
comes with my most sincere and best wishes, and I would be glad if I 
could do more for my native friends. It is from one, only one, left of a 
large family who was raised with those that have been sleeping their last 
sleep in your cemetery for years, and although I have been absent since 
the year 1832, yet my heart is with you still. 

Take and use it to your own good judgment. I humbly pray to God 
that there will soon be a change for the better in your place, and perfect 
health restored to your afflicted citizens. Yours, most respectfully, 

[Signed.] THOS. R. FENTRESS. 



Sweet Springs, Va., Aug. 28, 1855. 

Dear Sir : — Enclosed, you have the proceedings of a meeting held at 
this place on the 24th. 

Wm. H. Taylor, Esq., Chairman of the Committee to solicit contribu- 
tions, has to-day reported, showing the total amount received at the meet- 
ing and since to be $672 50. One-half is herewith forwarded to you, and 
the other is sent by the same mail to the Mayor of Portsmouth. Con- 
sidering the number of visitors, and that many of them had before con- 
tributed at .the White Sulphur, the amount raised here is large. 

In his report, Mr. Tayloe mentions the very important aid rendered by 
Mrs. Judge Hopkins, of Alabama, and I cannot forbear saying that this 
lady (formerly the wife of Capt. Gordon, of the Navy, who died on the 
Coast of Africa) has displayed a zealous interest in the cause of the suf- 
fering, which has won the admiration of all who witnessed it. Trusting 
that our little offering may in some degree help to alleviate°the distress 
of your sick, and that your city may be speedily relieved from the terrible 
pestilence, I remain, very truly, your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] W. P. BOCOCK. 

To the President of the Howard Association, Norfolk. 

P. S. — Since the above was written, I have received from Mrs. Hopkins 
a further contribution of a five dollar which not being easilydivisible, 
I have herewith enclosed to you. [Signed.] W. P. B. ; 



Baltimore, Aug. 29, 1855. 

D. Wheeler, Esq., Ass. Sec. Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — We have the pleasure to inform you that your favor dated 
yesterday was received, and have forwarded you the letter blanks you de- 
sired printed, this afternoon by steamboat, in a package to Sister Bernard, 
St. Mary's Orphan Asylum of your city. With regard to the charge for 



70 

them, we shall make none, as we are but too happy to aid all in our power 
the noble cause of charity you are engaged in. Besides, we hold our- 
selves in readiness to execute, with despatch, all orders for printing you 
may send us for the same object without charge'; and hoping that Provi- 
dence may spare every member of your glorious Association through the 
trying ordeal they have yet to pass. 

We are, dear sir, your obedient servants, 

[Signed.] JOHN MURPHY & CO. 



S. & R. R. R. Co., Aug. 29, 1855. 
Wm. B. Ferguson, President Howard Association, Norfolk, 

Dear Sir : — On behalf of the Railroad Company I send you about nine 
hundred weight of bacon, for such distribution as you may think proper. 
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] WM. COLLINS, President. 



Council Chamber, Mobile, 1st September. 
To his Honor, the Mayor of Norfolk. 

The brotherhood of the Episcopal Church of this city, deeply sympa- 
thizing in your afflictions, held a meeting last evening, at which it was 
unanimously resolved, to send their Vice President, Mr. Wm. T. Walt- 
hall, and their Treasurer, Mr. Wm. C. Miller, to aid and assist in the care 
of the sick. 

These gentlemen, having gone through many epidemics, are well fitted 
to do good service, and I heartily commend them to your regards. 

The brotherhood have taken care of their expenses, and they will set 
out by mail this morning. Your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] ROBERT S. BUNKER, 

President Common Council, Mobile. 



Resolved, That Washington Naval Lodge, No. 4, of ancient York 
Masons, cordially unite in the universal sympathy for the people of Nor- 
folk and Portsmouth, in the awful afflictions through which they have 
been called to pass, and desiring to contribute to their relief, as far as 
our abilities will permit, do hereby appropriate the sum of fifty dollars, 
which the R. W. Master is requested to cause to be transmitted, in equal 
parts, and accompanied by an attested copy of this resolution, to the 
proper authorities at Norfolk and Portsmouth, to be disposed of by them 
for the benefit of the sick and suffering. 

[Signed.] JEREMIAH CROSS, R. W. Master, 

L. s. Attest. 

[Signed.] JOSEPH MONILELL, Secretary. 



Williamsburg, 1st Sept., 1855. 

Dear Sir : — The inhabitants of our little town have made me their 
organ to convey to its destination, their contribution towards the fund 
which a sympathizing people are furnishing to assist the poor of your 
city, in their present extremity. I accordingly enclose a check for one 
hundred and fifty dollars. The amount is small, so is our population, 
which indeed at this moment is smaller than usual, through the absence 



71 

of some of our citizens, who are amongst the most able as well as the 
most willing to contribute to such purposes. We expect, of course, that 
an offering so insignificant in extent will achieve no other end than to 
serve as a token of our good-will, and to show to you that we are prompted 
by feelings of compassion for your misfortune, akin to those which we 
rejoice to know are now actuating the whole country. This purpose we 
hope it will accomplish. We earnestly desire our neighbors of Norfolk 
to believe that our community is moved by the deepest regret and sincerest 
sympathy for the heavy calamity which has befallen their city. Did I 
pursue the original instructions of my fellow-townsmen, I should now be 
writing to my lamented friend Hunter Woodis, your late most excellent 
Mayor, who sacrificed himself to his duty, and whose loss is one of the 
severest your citizens deplore. I feel assured that I obey the spirit of 
those instructions in conveying to you this little evidence of our kindly 
regard. With the sincere hope that the blessing of health will soon de- 
scend upon your people, I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] K. SAUNDERS, Mayor. 

To W. Ferguson", Esq., President Howard Association. 



Navy Yard, Gosport, Sept. 3d, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — Commander McKeever requests me to present his compli- 
ments, and to say that all shall be done in his power to comply with your 
request for coffins. We find it difficult to supply the demand on us from 
Portsmouth and the hospital, with every carpenter at work, Sunday not 
excepted. If it be possible to increase the force it shall be done, and an 
equal division will be made in favor of Norfolk of their labors. 
Verv respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] C. M. POOR, 

Lt. and En. Officer. 



Richmond, Sunday night, Sept. 9, 1855. 

My Dear SiR:^-Send up to Richmond the orphans and their attend- 
ants, and any others as rapidly as you can. We have to-day secured the 
Catholic College, and we will accommodate one thousand persons. We 
are particularly desirous to get the orphans and the persons who cannot 
take care of themselves up here. Last night we wrote you to send them 
to Sailor's Tavern, but now we are happy to say we can accommodate 
filly not only the orphans but any others you can get away. 

Your obedient servant, 
[Signed.] JOSEPH MAYO, Chairman. 

N. B. — I mean the orphans of the asylum and all others you may think 
proper to send. 



Phila., Aug. 31, 1855. 

Wm. B. Ferguson, Esq., President Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — Yours of 28th (Wheeler, Secretary) is at hand. The com- 
mittee will observe your advice, and send no more doctors or nurses unless 
requested by you. I am rejoiced to find you are daily receiving experi- 
enced aid from the South. Our committee did their best, and in their ad- 
vertisements for doctors and nurses asked for volunteers who had had the 
fever and knew the proper treatment for it, and by this public notice at- 
tracted De Castro and others to their office, who had had experience in it 



72 

in Cuba, Rio, New Orleans, and elsewhere. I devoutly trust that some 
of the doctors and nurses sent, from here have been able to do you real 
service, and if one or two prove inefficient, or one or more turn out to be 
vile like the hyena-like wretch Norton, for Heaven's sake acquit the com- 
mittee of blame. The best of causes runs the chances of being imposed 
upon, and in this most sacred and touching cause— Relief for the sick 
by pestilence — it appears, not even the danger added to the holiness of the 
cause itself, has been sufficient in one instance at least to deter a wretch 
from his vile scheme of imposition, plunder and outrage. For the sake 
of human nature I trust there is not another case like Norton's on record. 
All that we have sent you are volunteers, absolutely at your disposal, 
and you must exercise your authority over them as you deem best. Our 
further aid will be in money. I hope to send you more to-morrow. 

Yours truly, [Signed.] THOMAS WEBSTER, JR., 

Chairman of Committee. 



Office of Can't-Get-Away Club, ) 
Mobile, Ala., Aug. 29, 1855. j 

At a meeting of the Club this day at five o'clock, P. M., they deter- 
mined to send aid to the sick and suffering of Norfolk and Portsmouth, 
Va. Dr. R. Miller, Physician to the Club, was selected to represent them 
in those two cities. He takes with him Mr. W. Ballantine, a member of 
the Club. They have in charge five experienced female nurses to aid them 
in the fulfilment of their mission, Mrs. Rolls, Mrs. Murray, Mrs. Stinson, 
Miss Francis Reid and Mrs. Murrell. 

[Signed.] JOHN HARLET, President. 

The foregoing is a true copy from the minutes as of record, now on 
file in my office. t 

Witness my hand and private seal (not having an official seal) at office 
in the city of Mobile, on this 30th day of August, A. D. 1855. 

[l. s.] [Signed.] J. M. PARK, Secretary. 



Mayor's Office, City Hall, ) 

Wilmington, Delaware, Sept. 4tb, 1855. J 

To the President of the Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Dear Sir : — The undersigned having been appointed the President or 
Chairman of a Relief Committee composed of 25 of our most responsible 
citizens at the public meeting, held pursuant to the call herewith enclosed, 
and directed to address you in order to ascertain : 1st, If the pestilence is 
still on the increase in your city. 2d, Whether pecuniary or medical aid, 
nurses, &c, are most needed, and, 3d, Through what channel our " Aid" 
would reach you soonest. I would say please favor me with an answer 
to the above interrogations by return mail. 

Permit me to say that we trust that he who " tempers the wind to the 
shorn lamb," " and who doeth all things well," may in his wisdom see fit 
to turn aside from you this dreadful visitation, and further, that we are 
desirous to render all the relief that lays in our power, remembering that 
we know not how soon we may need the same kind offices we now seek 
to render to others of our fellow-creatures. In haste, with high considera- 
tions of respect, I am, dear sir, Your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] WM. B. WIGGINS, 

Mayor of Wilmington. 



73 

Mayor's Office, Wilmington, Aug. 31, 1855. 

Citizens of Wilmington: — While we are enjoying t\\e inestimable 
blessings of health, prosperity and happiness, the inhabitants of Norfolk 
and Portsmouth, Virginia, are suffering from that dreaded scourge, the 
yellow fever, and up to the latest advices the pestilence is on the increase, 
and a loud call is made upon us for pecuniary and medical aid, which 
should not pass unheeded. Here in our own loved land, the interest of 
every man is recognised to be the interest of his fellow, and while he suc- 
cors and protects his fellow-citizens, he is practising upon principles which 
are the honor and safeguard of his country. 

Inspired with the spirit of this noble sentiment, a number of our citi- 
zens have requested that I should officially call a public meeting at the 
City Hall, for the purpose of making arrangements by which we may as- 
sist in affording relief to the sick and suffering of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 
I therefore earnestly invite my fellow-citizens to assemble at the City Hall 
on Monday evening, September 3d, at half past 7 o'clock, for the purpose 
mentioned, feeling satisfied that this call will be promptly responded to. 

[Signed.] WM. B. WIGGINS, Mayor. 



Richmond, Sept. 3rd, 1855. 

To the Chairman of the Howard Association, of Norfolk, Ya. 

Dear Sir : — I hand you a check on the Bank of Norfolk, for fifty- 
eight dollars, thirty-two cents. This money has been collected by the 
children of Trinity Church Sabbath-school, (for the benefit of the orphans 
of your city,) and handed to me with the request that I would forward it 
to you as Chairman of the Howard Association. My dear sir, accept this 
money as an expression of the sympathy of these children for the desti- 
tute and suffering orphans of your city, distribute it as you may think best, 
and be assured of our heart felt sympathy and earnest prayers for your- 
self, and the suffering of your afflicte dfellow citizens. May God speedily 
restore your city to health, prosperity, and happiness. Respectfully, 
[Signed.] T. W. PEMBERTON, Sup. Trinity Church S. School. 



To the Hon. City Council, Norfolk, Va. 

Gentlemen: — Please honor me by accepting the enclosed amount of 
money, with my deepest regrets, that I can contribute no farther at pre- 
sent to the poor sufferers of your city. [Signed.] A BOY. $12. 



Arlington House, August 31st, 1855. 

Mr Bear Sir: — May I ask your kindness to forward the enclosed hum- 
ble contribution of $10. to Norfolk in aid of the sufferers of the three ci- 
ties? I wrote to the late worthy Mayor Woodis some time ago, offering 
my property at Smith's Island, as a spot for an encampment for those 
flying from the pestilence, and seeking a wholesome place of refuge. Not 
having received any answer to my letter, I presume it must have been left 
unanswered among other letters addressed to the lamented functionary du- 
ring his last illnes3. I repeat my offer. Smith's Island lies in the ocean 
immediately off Cape Charles, and adjacent to the county of Northamp- 
ton, eastern shore of Virginia, and has always been considered a location 
peculiarly healthful. I shall be most happy if Smith's Island can con- 
tribute in any wise to the relief, comfort, or benefit of the afflicted of the 



74 

three cities, and gladly offer it to them for such purposes, "without money, 
and without price." I pray you, my dear sir, to excuse the liberty I have 
taken (a perfect stranger) in addressing you, and accept assurance of the 
respect with which I have the honor to be, Your obedient servant, 
[Signed.] GEORGE W. P. CUSTIS. 



Raleigh, Sept. 4th, 1855. 
The President of the Howard Association, of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — A barrel of flour will be sent hence to-morrow by mail 
train, addressed to the " Howard Association, Norfolk," to be distributed 
by you among the suffering poor of your city. It is the contribution of 
Major W. P. Collins of this city. Should his mite be the means of alle- 
viating the distress of a single one of your afflicted citizens, he will be 
truly rejoiced. 

There is a deep and heartfelt sympathy in your affliction felt here. 
Nearly one thousand dollars have been raised here for the sufferers in 
Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Gosport. More will be cheerfully given, if 
needed. 

Your affliction is, indeed, a most awful one, and awakens the liveliest 
emotions of grief in the hearts of all. May God, in his infinite mercy, re- 
lieve your distress. 

Hoping that the Major's contribution will reach you promptly, I remain, 
with the deepest and most heartfelt sympathy in your affliction, 

Yours truly, JAS. J. IREDELL. 



Annapolis, Md., September 4th, 1855. 
Treasurer of the Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — I am directed by order of the Division of the " Sons of Tem- 
perance of Annapolis," over which I had the honor of presiding, to forward 
the sum of Forty Dollars as an offering for the alleviation of the destitute 
of Norfolk, and those of your sister city Portsmouth, with whom you will 
please share equally. 

Though the offering is small, it is laden with the universal sympathy of 
our body, and in placing it upon the altar of humanity, we only regret that 
we cannot bestow the balm of consolation to the many bruised heads which 
surround you, but may the God who has afflicted you, in mercy heal. 

As far and wide as the knowledge of your distress has reached, the 
chord of sympathy has been touched, and holy hands have been lifted up 
to heaven to stay the destroyer's power ; that your sorrowing heads may 
be bound up, and tears wiped from every eye. 

Hoping we may conduce in some degree to the relief of the sufferings 
of Norfolk, and Portsmouth, I beg you, sir, to receive my condolence and 
regard. Very respectfully, [Signed.] WM. MC'NEIR. 

Worthy Patriarch Division, No. 10. Sons of Temperance. 

P. S. You will please acknowledge the receipt of the enclosed, as I 
wish to file it with the archives of the Division. 



Farmers Br. Bank, Va., at Farmville, Prince Edward Co., Va. ) 

Sept. 4th, 1855. j 

To the President of the Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — Enclosed you will find a check of A. Vaughan, Esq., 
Cashier, on the Farmers Bank at Richmond, for the sum of three hundred 



75 

and seventy-six dollars, and forty cents, being the first instalment of col- 
lections deposited at this office to be sent to your Association. Will you do 
us the favor to divide the amount between the cities of Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth, in proportion to the population of the two places? 

Our people feel it to bo a privilege and a duty to contribute to relieve 
the sufferings of your afflicted community. 

Hoping that God will in his mercy arrest the ravages of disease, and 
restore our brethren to health, I am, dear sir, truly yours, 

[Signed.] F. N. W ATKINS. 



Richmond, Sept. 7th, 1855. 
To his Honor, the Mayor of Norfolk. 

Sir:— -Enclosed, I send you a copy of the proceedings of a meeting of 
the citizens of Richmond, the largest I have ever seen assembled in this 
city. It was unanimous in the adoption of the resolutions. There is 
but one heart here, and it is to do everything that can be a"one for vour 
relief. The committee of thirteen met this morning. I enclose two of 
their resolutions, and also solicit your immediate action on the subject. 
This is no occasion for form or ceremony. We have the ability, and beg 
the privilege of offering you all human relief. Send a committee to con- 
fer with us as to what is best to be done. I am, most respectfully, vour 
obedient servant, [Signed.] JOSEPH MAYO, Mayor. 



Richmond, Sept. 7th, 1855. 

To the Mayor of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — The following resolution was to-day adopted, by the joiut 
committee referred to in the enclosed communication of our Mayor, and the 
undersigned were appointed a committee to carry its directions into ex- 
ecution. "Resolved, that a committee of four be appointed to purchase 
and forward such provisions to Norfolk and Portsmouth, as in their opin- 
ion are immediately required, and that they be further instructed to cor- 
respond with the mayors of those cities, and ascertain what supplies are 
most needed, and to request them to make daily requisitions upon us." 
In accordance with this resolution, and at the request of the committee 
from Hampton, we shall send by to-morrow's boat six horses for the use 
of your physicians, (three of them for Portsmouth,) together with a sup- 
ply of provender for the horses, as well as a number of other articles, a 
list of which will be sent by the captain of the boat. We are exceedingly 
anxious to have the privilege of contributing in any manner you may 
designate to the relief of your suffering people. Please let your wants be 
immediately made known to us, and we will daily send you all that you 
require. Do not hesitate to draw largely on us, and to send us at once a 
list of any articles you want. We will contribute in goods or money as 
you may desire. We hope to hear from you by the return of mail. 
Respectfully yours, [Signed.] THOS DODAMEAD. 

H. K. ELLYS N. 

" JNO. M. GREGORY. 

" DAVID J. SAUNDERS. 



Public Meeting. 

At the request of the Mayor, a large and highly respectable meeting 
of the citizens was held at Metropolitan Hall, yesterday afternoon, to take 
steps for the relief of the sufferers by yellow fever in Norfolk and Ports- 



76 

mouth. The meeting was called to order by Judge Win. W. Crump, on 
whose motion Joseph Mayo, Esq., the Mayor of the city, was called to the 
chair, and Mr. Thos. TJ. Dudley was appointed Secretary. 

The Mayor, on taking the chair, addressed the meeting at length, in 
one of the most feeling, effective, and appropriate speeches that we ever 
listened to ; at the conclusion of which, he offered the following reso- 
lutions, which after a spirited discussion were adopted: Whereas, it ap- 
pears from the fearful progress and malignant character of the pestilence 
now devastating Norfolk and Portsmouth, that nothing short of the re- 
moval of the population will stay its ravages ; therefore, Resolved, That 
a committee of thirteen be appointed to devise means for the attainment 
of that object, and especially for the transportation, and maintenance of 
such of the indigent and afflicted of those cities as may desire shelter 
in a healthful location. Resolved, That said committee be authorized to 
appoint such sub-committees as they may think proper. Resolved, That 
said committee be instructed to communicate at once to the Howard As- 
sociations of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and to the mayors of said towns, 
that they are requested to send up such persons here as they may think 
proper to confer with the above committee as to what is best to be done 
in the premises, hereby requesting the said committee to act promptly, 
and to incur any expense which they may deem judicious for the benefit 
of the citizens of Portsmouth and Norfolk. The resolutions, on being put 
to vote, were adopted, and the chairman instructed to appoint the com- 
mittee. Whereupon the following gentlemen were appointed said com- 
mittee: 

Committee, Dr. Robt. Archer, Wellington Goddin, Luther Libby, 
Thomas Dodamead, Wm. H. Hascall, Charles Ellett, H. K Ellyson, Geo. 
W. Munford, John M. Gregory, Jas. A. Cowardin, John P. Ballard, Dan- 
iel H. London, John S. Caskie. 

On motion of Mr. John H Gilmer, Joseph Mayo, Esq , the Mayor of 
the city, was appointed chairman of the committee of thirteen. Henry 
K. Ellyson, Esq., offered the following resolutions, which, after being dis- 
cussed at length, were adopted: Resolved, that the President of the City 
Council be requested immediately to call a meeting of that body for the 
purpose of appointing a committee on the part of the Council, to co-ope- 
rate with the committee of citizens just appointed. Resolved, That the 
Council are hereby earnestly requested to make such appropriations from 
the City Treasury, as may be'necessary to carry out the objects of the 
resolutions, adopted by this meeting. There being no other business, the 
meeting then adjourned. 



Petersburg, Sept. 8th, 1855. 
James A. Saunders, Esq., Sec. Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

My Dear Sir: — My friend Mr. Jas. Mcllwaine, of the firm of Paul & 
Mcllwaine, and myself, yesterday resolved ourselves into a committee to 
solicit aid from our fellow citizens in behalf of your stricken city, and up 
to this time we have realized a little over $1500. 

This amount will be somewhat increased on Monday, but many of our 
wealthiest citizens are absent. 

Believing, from the accounts that reach us, that we should best serve 
you thereby, we have made arrangements to send to you by steamer of 
Monday, 30 barrels bread, 25 barrels crackers, 8 barrels bacon, 2 barrels 
rice, and we hope to add some chickens. 

Please advise us at once how we shall dispose of the balance. 



77 

We will remit the money, or gladly disburse it here in any way you 
may direct. 

With sincere, heartfelt sympathy for you all, I am, in haste, your friend, 

[Signed.] HENRY C. HARDY. 



Baltimore, Sept, 11th, 1855. 

Dear Sir : — I send per steamboat this P. M. one box marked "Presi- 
dent of the Howard Association, Norfolk," containing seventy garments 
for the children of Norfolk and Portsmouth equally. This is the result 
of the labors of a party of young ladies, assembled yesterday for the 
purpose of contributing something for the relief of the destitute and suf- 
fering. 

May God grant that others may be induced to follow their example, 
and thus assist in adding to the comfort of the orphan. 

Very respectfully, [Signed.] JOSEPH A. THOMAS. 

If not too much trouble, may I ask an acknowledgment of the receipt 
of above? 

To the President of the Howard Association. 



Mountain House, Catskill, Sep. 10th, 1855. 
Hon. Mayor Woodis. 

Sir: — The undersigned being disposed to tender their services, if de- 
sirable, on this occasion of the visitation of the fearful pestilence now 
wasting your city, beg leave to make application to your Honor, and lay 
their case before you. 

We are desirous to know whether in the present emergency your citi- 
zens would esteem our labors, and regard our efforts with due considera- 
tion. 

We are still young, yet not destitute of experience. We are graduates 
of the Female Medical College of Philadelphia, and refer you to the 
faculty of that institution for information as to our character and endow- 
ments. It is our desire to be serviceable in so far as we shall have ability, 
in the case of the unfortunate, and the suffering. 

In case of acceptance of our proposal, please to signify to us the ex- 
penses which" we shall be obliged to encounter. Though not rich in 
money, we think that we possess devotion and enthusiasm which will 
enable us to be of service to you in the period of calamity. 

Please answer by telegraph to Dr. Wilder, Albany. 

Yours respectfully, [Signed,] MARY E. SMITH. 

S. S.NIVISON. 

For reference, further: — Hon. V. M. Rice, Albany; Ex-Mayor 0. G. 
Steele, Buffalo ; Ex-Mayor Col. Viele, Buffalo ; Samuel Gregory, M. D., 
Boston; Dr. G. H. Lee, Barre, Massachusetts; Dr. N. Nivison, Hector, 
New York ; Rev. Mr. Fillmore, Elmira, New York. 



Brondon, Sep. 10th, 1855. 
N. C. Whitehead, Esq., Mayor of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir : — A few days ago, I remitted to you a small amount through 
Thos. Branch & Sons of Petersburg, for the sufferers around you, but the 
most heart-rending accounts from your afflicted city impel me to send you 
the above check, also to be applied to the same purpose. May God in his 
mercy soon stay the progress of the dreadful malady that is desolating 



78 

your fair city. The great interest I take in the matter will, I hope, ex- 
cuse the following suggestions. Fire is, undoubtedly one of the greatest 
purifiers of the atmosphere known ; and it is said that in the fourteenth 
century, when that most horrible pestilence raged so fearfully in Europe, 
■which was known as the Black Death, that one of the popes (Clement 
X. I believe) managed to escape by staying in a room heated by a fire, 
night and day. Now, might it not be well to keep constant fires in all 
the houses that are occupied during the prevalence of the yellow fever — 
and might it not be well to burn tar barrels about the city ? 
With high respect, your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] WM. B. HARRISON. 

Nag's Head Hotel, N. C, ) 
September 10th, 1855. J 
President, Howard Association, Norfolk, Ya. 

Dear Sir : — Feeling a deep and heartfelt sympathy for the poor disease- 
stricken citizens of the city of Norfolk and Portsmouth, I have con- 
cluded to offer to all who may avail themselves of the privilege, a place 
of refuge and safety from the ravages of the disease, now devouring them 
in such large numbers. On the first of October next, the season will close 
at Nag's Head Hotel, and after that date, I will most cheerfully throw 
open the doors of my hotel to all who wish to escape from the disease now 
prevailing in your cities. I have ample accommodations for 250 persons, 
and all I ask of the Association is to furnish me with means to maintain 
them during their stay at my house. In connection with the boarders at 
my hotel, and the Episcopal congregation at this place, I have succeeded 
in raising the sum of near $150, which is at your disposal; and I thought 
I would suggest the idea, whether or not the money should be forwarded 
or appropriated for provisions, &c, and forwarded to your office. Allow 
me to express the hope that my offer will be accepted by your people, and 
assure them that the kindest attention will be shown them upon their ar- 
rival at my hotel. With the profoundest hope that your city may soon be 
relieved of its direful calamity, I remain, most respectfully, 

Your obedient servant, 
[Signed.] ALEX. E. JACOBS, Prop'tr., Nag's Head Hotel. 

WALTER J. ALLEN, Clerk. 



Lexington, Ky., Sep. 12th, 1855. 

To the Howard Association, Norfolk, Ya. 

Gentlemen : — With a heart overflowing with sympathy for the people, 
whom the Lord hath permitted to be stricken with a sore plague, I ven- 
ture to send for the use of the physicians and nurses, a small quantity of 
" Burrowes' Lexington Mustard ;" owing to its demand in the southern 
country in yellow fever and cholera, I hope it may prove equally benefi- 
cial to the sick in Yirginia. My calls for it, south, at present, prevent 
me from sending a larger quantity ; should it be acceptable, I shall be 
happy to duplicate it. Hoping, most sincerely, that the plague may be 
stayed, I beg to subscribe myself, Manufacturer of 

"BURROWES' LEXINGTON MUSTARD." 



Frederick Female Seminary, Frederick city, Md., Sep. 12, 1855. 
President of the Howard Association of Norfolk, Ya. 
Dear Sir: — The joung ladies of this .institution, sympathizing deeply 



79 

in the affliction of our sister cities, desire me to forward to you the sum of 
one hundred and thirteen dollars, and twenty-five cents, which they have 
raised for the relief of those who are suffering from the pestilence in Nor- 
folk and Portsmouth. Enclosed, please find my check for the amount 
($113.25). With the hope that the destroying angel may soon pass away 
from your cities, and that health may again smile on you, I am, sir, with 
great respect and deep sympathy, Yours truly, 

[Signed.] H. WINCHESTER. 

Mayor's Office, Chicago, Sep. 12th, 1855. 
To his Honor, the Acting Mayor of Norfolk, Ya. 

Dear Sir: — Please find draft for $1500.06 enclosed in favor of the 
Howard Association of your city, and with it please accept assurances 
of the sincere sympathy of our citizens for your afflicted city. Our citizens 
had a meeting last evening (the proceedings of which I herewith enclose), 
and the present remittance is the result of this day's collection. I shall 
hope to forward additional sums from time to time, should your city con- 
tinue (as I pray it may not) to require such aid. With assurances of high 
regard and personal sympathy, I am, dear sir, 

Your obedient servant, 
[Signed.] L. D. BOONE, Mayor. 

Chicago, 111. 
Meeting of sympathy with Norfolk and Portsmouth sufferer?. 

Pursuant to the call through the press, a number of citizens assembled 
at South Market hall, last evening, for the purpose of expressing sym- 
pathy for the sufferers at Norfolk and Portsmouth. 

On motion of J. B. F. Russell, the meeting was organized by electing 
his honor, Mayor L. D. Boone President, and the appointment of J. S. 
Wright, Esq., Secretary. Mayor Boone addressed the meeting upon the 
terrible calamity which had befallen the afflicted cities, and hoped the 
aciion of the people of Chicago would be fitting to the occasion. J. C. 
Vaughn of the Tribune made a brief address and suggested that a com- 
mittee be appointed in each Ward of the city to call for contributions. 
J. B. F. Russell offered a series of Resolutions. J. W. Waughop, Esq., 
who is a native of Portsmouth, made a brief address, and sugggested that 
a committee on resolutions should be appointed. The Chair appointed 
Messrs. Russell, Waughop, and Vaughn the committee. 

Addresses were made by J. Y. Seammon, Esq., Rev. Dr. Smallwood, 
and Daniel Mclllroy, Esq., in spirited appeals to the people, to act most 
promptly and generously for the relief of their brethren bowed down 
under the most heart-rending distress. The committee reported the fol- 
lowing resolutions, which were adopted. The Mayor appointed the fol- 
lowing committee: — 1st Ward, Thomas P.Bryant; 2nd Ward, Col. J- 
B. F. Russell ; 3d Ward, D. R. Holt; 4th Ward, J. C. Authet ; 5th Ward, 
0. W. Noble; 6th Ward, John Noble; 7th Ward, F. H. Thwing; 8th 
Ward, F. H. Benson ; 9th Ward, F. Hatheway. 

A. W. Windett moved that the committee be instructed to publish daily 
a statement of contributions. The motion was seconded by Dr. C. Y. 
Dyer, and after considerable discussion, was carried. In consequence of 
the deep affliction which has visited the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth 
by a dreadful pestilence unparalleled in the history of the ravages of 
yellow fever in our country, and so rapidly decimating the remnant of the 
population of those afflicted cities, the citizens of Chicago have met together 



80 

to express their heartfelt sympathies, and to offer to the afflicted of those 
plague-siricke-n cities material aid. Resolved, That a relief committee 
of nine, one from each ward in the city, be appointed to solicit subscrip- 
tions in aid of the common objects of this meeting. Resolved, That all 
moneys so raised for the sick and suffering, be promptly forwarded by the 
Mayor as collected, for the benefit of the inhabitants of Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth,^ be addressed to that glorious band known as the Howard Asso- 
ciation, or the acting Mayor. Resolved, That the city clergy be invited 
tcmake collections in their respective houses of worship on the next 
sabbath-day for the benefit of said sufferers. Resolved, That those physi- 
cians and women who have so heroically hastened to the relief of the 
sufferers from the cities and towns of healthy locations, to meet and stay 
the ravages of the fatal destroyer, elicit our highest admiration. 

Resolved, That the chairman of this meeting appoint the above named 
committee. 



Washington Co., Va., Sept. 17th, 1855. 

Having heard of the affliction which God hath sent upon you, and 
knowing the distresses which generally follow calamities, I liberally 
contribute my mite. Though a ten cent piece is small, it is every cent I 
possess in this world, and it may help in buying some nourishment for 
some of the many orphans who are parentless and crying for relief. 

Your servant, [Signed.] ROB. 

N. B : — This contribution is small, it is true, though it is much to 
the giver, it being his all, he being a slave belonging to a man residing 
in Washington Co., Va. ; he is a very pious negro and minister of the 
gospel. I believe he contributed the mite through the purest motives of 
sympathy. GLADE SPRING. 

Baltimore, Sep. 13th, 1855. 
To the Howard Association of Norfolk. 

Gentlemen : — You have been already informed that the House of Re- 
fuge buildings (never yet occupied for their intended purpose,) have been 
offered by its board of managers for the destitute orphans of your city. 
You may also have learned that we have tendered our services for the 
management of the temporary asylum. Our object in addressing you is 
not only to renew this offer directly to the authorities of your city, but 
also to request that you gratify us by stating definitely, whether it is your 
intention to accept our proffered aid, and if so, what number of children 
we may expect to have in charge, and when we may anticipate their ar- 
rival in Baltimore. The warm heart of our community pulsates in deep 
sympathy with your affliction, and particularly would our own sex esteem 
it a grateful duty to extend to you the hand of help in this your hour of 
sorrow. 

May we ask of you, gentlemen, an answer to this note at your very 
earliest opportunity, so that, if requisite, we continue arrangements at 
once, commenced upon the first appeal for help, but now held in suspense 
from the uncertainty of your determination? 

Very respectfully, [Signed.] MARGT. T. PURVIANCE. 

On behalf of the committee of Ladies of Baltimore. 



Office of the Knickerbocker Ice Co., 103 Canal st. ") 

New York, Sep. 13th, 1855. j 
Wm. H. Mact, Esq., Treas. 

Dear Sir : — At a meeting of the board of trustees of this company held 



81 

this day, it was unanimously resolved to place at your disposal a cargo of 
ice (from 100 to 200 tons) for the relief of the afflicted and suffering inhabi- 
tants of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 

Believing that our proffered gift may afford valuable and essential re- 
lief to those suffering from the fatal scourge, and, that it may aid in stay- 
ing the ravages of the pestilence, which has almost depopulated those ill 
fated towns, we are most happy, in behalf of our company, to offer you 
the above resolution, for your acceptance. 

Very respectfully, your obedient servants, 
[Signed.] R. T. CUMPTON. Pres. 

WM. J. WILCOX, Sec. 



Engineer Office, Richmond & York R. R. R. ] 
Richmond, Sep. 15th, 1855. j 

To W. A. Ferguson, President of the Howard Association. 

Dear Sir: — On Tuesday, the 25th inst., the steam boat W. W. Townes, 
Capt. Drew, will leave Walkerton on the Mataponi river, and will make 
all the landings of that and the York river to receive on board the contribu- 
tions of the citizens of the counties bordering on those streams, intended for 
the relief of your afflicted city and her equally desolated sister Portsmouth. 
The Quarantine laws of Petersburg, where the "Townes" belongs, not 
permitting her to enter within your own limits, I have to request (as I 
shall make the trip in her, the Capt. not knowing the rivers) that she bo 
met early on Wednesday morning at the light boat off Crony Island by 
the Princess Ann or a barge, to which her freight may be transferred. 
I take occasion to report to you the generous conduct of Messrs. Pannill & 
Carter the owners of the Townes, who, upon application, at once placed 
their boat at my disposal, refusing aU'compensation ; as also of the captain 
and crew who volunteered their services. Expressing my own heartfelt 
sympathy in your present affliction, I remain, 

Respectfully yours, [Signed.] T. S. CLAXTON. 



Mayor's Office, Harrisonburg, Va., Sep. 18th, 1855. 
To the President of Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — The citizens of Harrisonburg, Va., have contributed the 
sum of $465.50, for the relief of the sufferers of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 
Enclosed, you will find a check for half that amount, — ($232.75,) the 
other half I have forwarded to Portsmouth. 

You will please acknowledge the receipt of the sum through the columns 
of the Baltimore Sun, or by letter to me. 

Your friend, verv respectfully, 
[Signed.] Q. C. STERLING, Mayor. 

P. S. — $100 of the above sum was appropriated by the Masonic Lodge 
of this place. O. C S. 



Richmond, Sept. 20th, 1855. 

My Dear Friend : — I enclose a check for $28 50, half of $57, a sum 
raised by a juvenile fair held in this city for the benefit of the orphans 
of Norfolk and Portsmouth. The paragraph attached to this note will 
explain the matter, and give the names of the little girls who held this 
fair. Please give this mite the desired destination. I have no heart to 
indulge a pleasantry which I might do, were I writing at any other time, 
for I feel as though I had a dear relative on every square of your devoted 



82 

city. Sinner as I am, I pray for you and your afflicted people. May God 
in his mercy spare them further affliction. Very truly and sincerely, 

your friend and servant, [Signed.] J. A. COWARDIN. 

Aid fob the orphans. Some very small girls, bless their little hearts ! 
have been holding a fair "for the benefit oif the orphans of Norfolk and 
Portsmouth," in a room on Governor street. Monday night they closed their 
miniature fair, and ascertained that they had made the very respectable sum 
of $57. They have sent this sum to us, with a very pretty note penned by 
one of their own little hands, in which we are requested to forward the money. 
They conclude by expressing their sorrow that " the sum is so small." 
The names of these dear little creatures are, Margaret L. Mayer, Kate C. 
Simons, Rosa Belvin, Sallie C. Belvin, and V. Wendlinger. They have 
heard of their little brothers and sisters of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and 
have held forth their tiny hands to help them. For their act they will 
get credit in the books above, with a long time to run at interest before 
they appear for settlement; and if they will half shut their eyes after go- 
ing to bed o'nights, they may see pretty faces and bright eyes hovering 
above them to bless them for their kindness to the bereaved little ones, 
who survive the plague. 



New York, Sept. 15th, 1855. 

Esq., President of the Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Dear Sir : — Please find enclosed bill of L. for 12 barrels bottled porter, 
marked Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 4 of the barrels are marked 
quarts, and 8 marked pints. I hope it may be of some service to the sick 
and weary in your vicinity, in your truly suffering condition. Messrs. 
Ludlom & Pleasant's Line carry it free of charge. It will give me plea- 
sure to be advised of its safe arrival. Very respectfully, yours, 
[Signed.] SAML. MILLBANK 70 Madison, New York. 



Charleston, 20th Sept. 1855. 
Wm. B. Ferguson, Esq., President of the Howard Association, of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — I have this day forwarded by Adams & Co's Express, a box 
of clothing, and herein enclose Henry Frescott, Cashier's draft on the 
Farmers & Planters' Bank, Baltimore, for fifty dollars. 

These were accompanied by the following letters, addressed to me as 
chairman of the committee for forwarding nurses, &c, for Portsmouth and 
Norfolk. Viz : — 

" The ladies of the Hebr3w congregations of this city, beg leave to ten- 
der through you to the chairman of the Howard Association, of Norfolk, 
the accompanying box of clothing made by themselves, containing 48 
dresses, 43 chemises, 38 shirts, 24 prs. pantaloons, 22 flannel shirts, 21 
skirts, 72 pocket handkerchiefs, 31 pr. stockings, 14 prs. shoes and bootees, 
19 tunics, 17 jackets, 10 prs. pantalets, 18 prs. drawers, 6 undershirts, 2 
suits, 36 pr. socks ; also the enclosed fifty dollars, the surplus remaining 
after the material purchased had been manufactured. 

" They most respectfully request, sir, that the same may be promptly for- 
warded to the chairman before mentioned, to be, by him, distributed 
among the orphans of Norfolk and Portsmouth." 

I need scarcely add, that I feel privileged in being made the organ of 
administering to the relief of the sufferings of my afflicted neighbors of 
Norfolk and Portsmouth. 

Praying that God will ere long stay the hand of the destroying angel, 



83 

and that you may be spared to receive the gratitude of your fellow citi- 
zens for the laborious and faithful services rendered in the hour of the 
severe trials, I am, dear sir, yours, very respectfully, 

[Signed.] GEO. M. COFFIN, Chairman. 

Mayor's Office, City of Salem, Sept. 24th, 1855. 

Dear Sir : — Enclosed please find Win. H. Foster, Cashier's check on 
Exchange Bank, Norfolk, for two hundred and fifty-eight dollars, and 
thirty-two cents, also his check on Branch Bank of Virginia, Petersburg, 
for three hundred and sixty-two dollars, and twenty-eight cents, making 
an aggregate of six hundred and twenty dollars, and sixty cents, the same 
being the balance of funds contributed by our citizens for the relief of 
your afflicted citizens. In conformity to a vote of our committee, author- 
izing an equal distribution of the funds in their hands, to the cities of 
Norfolk and Portsmouth, I have transmitted to the Sanitary Committee 
of Portsmouth, a like amount. As the organ of the committee, it gives 
me great pleasure to state that all classes of our fellow citizens have mani- 
fested the warmest sympathy for your community in the great calamity 
which i3 desolating them. Unsolicited, many of them have come forward, 
asking the privilege of contributing, and all have been eager to do what 
they could to alleviate the sufferings of your citizens. Trusting that the 
aid which, through their recognition of the claims of a common humanity, 
we have been enabled to forward, will do something towards relieving 
the poor of your city in this their hour of affliction, and indulging the 
hope of the speedy restoration of your citizens to their accustomed health, 

I remain, very truly, your obedient servant. 

[Signed.] JOSEPH ANDREWS, 

Mayor of Salem, and chairman of the Relief Committee. 

To the President, or Treasurer of the Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

P. S. Please acknowledge the receipt of this. 



Mayor's Office, Alexandria, Va. 25th Sept., 1855. 
R. W. Bowden, Esq., President Howard Association, Norfolk. 

My Dear Sir: — I had this pleasure last to your lamented Ferguson, to 
which I have .no reply, my heart sickens at the cause. By to-morrow's 
steamer, we will ship to Baltimore, 10 barrels soda, 10 water, 10 pilot 
crackers, 1 qr. cask wine, 20 barrels corn meal, 10 boxes soap, 10 boxes 
candles, of which you will retain one half, of each lot, for the sufferers of 
your city, the other half for Portsmouth. 

Please let me know if the articles sent are suitable, and if not, what 
would be, as we have more to send you, and wish to lay the money out 
in articles most acceptable, or send you the money if most needed ; let me 
hear from you. May God in his mercy spare you and your people, and 
arrest the disease with which you are afflicted, is the prayer of our peo- 
ple, and of yours, most truly, [Signed.] GEO. P. WISE, Mayor. 

Louisburg, Franklin County, N. C, Sep. 28th, 1855. 

President of the Howard Association, Norfolk and Portsmouth. 

In behalf of the citizens of Franklin County, N. C, I have the gratifica- 
tion of tendering through you to the distressed of Norfolk and Portsmouth a 
portion of their charity ; and beg of you to distribute it as their necessities 
may require. To-day we sent by railroad, 12 barrels flour, and shall con- 
tinue to forward the articles as they may be sent in. Allow me to in- 
quire, what articles will be most acceptable? and we will endeavor to pro- 



84 

cure them. Will potatoes be acceptable ? Our citizens have, and are daily 
contributing money and provisions, which will be preferable? Shall we 
continue to send both ? We shall be happy to do all in our power to re- 
lieve you, and through you the distressed of your afflicted cities. Allow me 
to- subscribe myself, with the kindest regard, Your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] JOEL THOMAS, Cor. Sec, 

Richmond, Sept. 27th, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — The committee appointed by the citizens of Richmond, for 
the relief of the suffering communities of Norfolk and Portsmouih, have 
received continual contributions from our own citizens, and from other 
parts of the state, for the benefit of the distressed. We have been daily 
engaged in furnishing such supplies to each place as we deemed most es- 
sential, but we would greatly prefer that you should designate the articles 
which you consider of most use, whether they are delicacies for the sick, 
or necessaries for the needy. We hope earnestly that you will not hesitate 
to make requisitions upon us, for whatever you want. We will take plea- 
sure in endeavoring to procure what you require, and promptly forward 
it to whomsoever you may direct. It is not a time for hesitancy. We 
will comply with your wishes with the utmost pleasure and alacrity. 
Very truly, your friend and servant, 

[Signed.] GEO. W. MUNFORD, Treasurer of the Relief Committee. 

Warrenton, N. C, Female Collegiate Institute. 1 

Sept. 26th, 1855. } 

To the President of the Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — This box contains 56 garments for children, made and pre- 
sented to the destitute orphan children of your afflicted city, by the 
young ladies of our Seminary. Please accept their, and our sincere sym- 
pathy, and may God hear our prayers for you, in your great distress. 

We are, yours truly, [Signed.] GRAVES & WILCOX. 

Chief of Police, City Hall, Boston, Oct. 6th, 1855. 

To the Treasurer of the Howard Association. 

Dear Sir: — Enclosed you will please find a draft, for $165 25, in aid 
of the Norfolk and Portsmouth sufferers. This amount was contributed 
by the members of the Boston Police Department; and in their behalf, I 
have the honor of transmitting the same, as a testimonial of their sympa- 
thy for those of their fellow men upon whom the hand of affliction is so 
heavily laid. Trusting that this remittance may be received as a guar- 
anty of our heartfelt commiseration, and sincerely hoping that the depop- 
ulating scourge with which you are visited may be suddenly stayed, I 
have the honor to be, most respectfully, your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] ROBERT TAYLOR, Chief of Police. 

P. S. Please acknowledge the receipt of the draft, that we may be as- 
sured of its safe arrival. 



Newark, N. J., Oct. 6th, 1855. 

Robert W. Bowden, Esq., Treasurer of the Howard Association, Norfolk, 

Va. 

Dear Sir : — Enclosed please find Certificate of Deposit in the Mechan- 
ics' Bank of Newark, for $988 22, on account of the contributions of our 
citizens, to the relief of the sufferers of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Gosport. 
We place this sum in your hands for expenditure, where in your opinion 



85 

it is most needed. It was raised for the relief of the sufferers of the three 
places. 

Oa the 10th Sept., we forwarded to Mr. Sharp, President of the Ex- 
change Bank of Virginia, a remittance of $1000 which we presume has 
been duly received by you. Will you please to acknowledge the receipt 
of this as soon after it reaches you, as your convenience and other duties 
will permit ? And may God, in his mercy, soon restore your city to its 
wonted health, and never again visit her with a like calamity. Truly, 
and respectfully, 

[Signed.] H. J. PORNIER, GEO. A HALSEY, JOHN A. NICHOLS, 
THOMAS B. PEDDIE, SILAS MERCHANT, THOMAS W. DUiNSON, 
PETER S. DARGEE. 



Charlestown, Va. Oct. 12th, 1855. 
R. W. Bowden, Esq. 

Dear Sir: — I have just received a letter from a noble-hearted, and gen- 
erous lady of Nicholas County, Ky./late a resident of this county, enclosing 
a check for $100. with tho request that it should be applied to the benefit 
of the orphan children of your death-stricken cities. Please give it this 
direction, and may a righteous God add his blessing to this grateful offer- 
ing of one of his most sincere and faithful followers. Very trulv, 

[Signed.] N. S. SMITH. 

Orange Court House, Oct. 10th, 1855. 
To the President of the Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

My Dear Sir: — Enclosed please find a check, for $144, which I desire 
you to appropriate as therein designated, viz : two-thirds, to the sufferers for 
the yellow fever in Norfolk, and one-third, to those who have suffered from 
the scourge in Portsmouth. This sum has been recently contributed by 
my congregation at this place. And you will please acknowledge the 
same for St. Thomas' Church, Orange, Va. I rejoice to learn that the 
epidemic, which has prevailed so alarmingly for some time past in Nor- 
folk and Portsmouth, is now fast subsiding. God grant that you may never 
again be visited by so fearful a scourge. May He who mixeth judgment 
with mercy, bring great good out of the great evil. Among those who 
have fallen, you have to number not a few of your best and choicest citi- 
zens. Mysterious is this Providence ! Among the victims, were two of 
my dear friends, the Rev. Messrs Jackson and Chisholm, the latter was or- 
dained to the ministry at the same time I was. To know him was to love 
him. Indeed, both were lovely in their lives, and in their death they 
were not divided. 

Deeply sympathizing with those who have been called to suffer, I re- 
main, yours, very truly, [Signed.] J. EARNEST. 



Marblehead, Oct. 1st, 1855. 
Mr. Howard. 

Dear Sir: — I enclose to you a draft for $125, being a collection taken 
up in Old St. Michael's Church of this place, of which Rev. J. B. Rich- 
mond is Rector, in behalf of the sufferers at Portsmouth and Norfolk, to 
be used as you deem proper. Mrs. Wheeler and her daughter, husband, 
and children are with us, and are well; we hope Dulton is daily improving. 
Truly, and affectionately, your friend and brother, 

[Signed.] JOHN B. RICHMOND. > 

May God bless and preserve the members of the Howard Association, 
to which you belong, and may your acts of mercy, charity, and love, be 



86 

abundantly rewarded in the life that now is, and in that brighter one to 
come. We have not ceased to pray for you all. J. B. R. 

Gloucester Co., 6th Oct., 1855. 

Dear Sir : — Acting under the resolutions adopted by a meeting of a 
portion of the people of Gloucester Co., at the Court House thereof, on the 
1st. instant, at which I was appointed Treasurer to receive and remit all 
moneys contributed, and to forward the same, together with such other 
sums as may be handed me hereafter, to the " Howard Association of the 
city of Norfolk, and the Mayor of Portsmouth, in the proportion of one- 
third to Portsmouth, and two-thirds to Norfolk," hereto I have annexed 
by mail my check of this date, on the Farmers' Bank of Virginia, at 
Fredricksburg, for $139 67, payable to your order, being two thirds of 
$194 50, the amount contributed up to this time, and for your govern- 
ment in the disposition to be made of this money. I copy the following 
resolution adopted by the meeting : Resolved, That we leave it to the dis- 
cretion of the Howard Association, and authorities of Norfolk and Ports- 
mouth, to expend the amount to be forwarded by us, believing that they 
are better able than ourselves to judge of the best mode of disposing 
thereof. But it would be gratifying to us to know, that our contributions 
had assisted the destitute children of the two towns, who have been made 
orphans by the pestilence. Most deeply do I sympathize with our fellow 
citizens in the towns above mentioned, under their severe affliction; and 
it gives me great pleasure to be the medium of intercourse, selected to 
carry out the wishes of my countrymen in the manner above indicated. 
Do me the favor to acknowledge the receipt of the check mentioned by 
letter, to my address, Gloucester Court House, and oblige your obedient 
servant, [Signed.] WM. P. SMITH. 

To President of the Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 



Cottage Home, N. C, Oct. 1st, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — Enclosed you will find $42 25, which I have collected from 
my two small churches, Unity, and Mackpelah, to aid the sufferers at Nor- 
folk and Portsmouth. 

I enclose it to you to be appropriated at the discretion of your benevo- 
lent Association. Be kind enough to acknowledge the receipt of the re- 
mittance, that I may satisfy my people of its safe transmission. Permit 
me to assure you of my deep sympathy for your afflicted community, and 
of my earnest prayers that God may in mercy stay the pestilence. If you 
have the time to write, I should be pleased to know if there are any signs of 
abatement, &c. May God sanctify his sore trials, and stay his heavy 
judgments. Very truly, yours, [Signed.] E. II. MORRISON. 

Brooklyn, Oct. 2nd, 1855. 

The Brooklyn Female Employment Society send to you certain articles 
of clothing, for the use of such persons in Norfolk and Portsmouth as 
your Association may deem most in need of them. Though we have with 
us many poor people, yet we know that your necessities are greater than 
ours. While the fearful pestilence has stricken down so many among 
you, no evil of a similar character has been allowed to come near our 
dwellings. Our society is new, and our means are limited, but we trust 
that our little contribution may be of some service, and that it will not be 
the less acceptable for being accompanied by the expression of our deep 
sympathy with you. [Signed.] MRS. THEO. ROMEYN, Secretary. 

To the Howard Association of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 



87 

New York, Oct. 4th, 1855. 

Robert W. Bowden, Esq., President of the Howard Association. 

Dear Sir : — Enclosed, I hand you a check on the Farmers' Bank of 
your city, for the sum of $690 ; of which amount, $447 50 was contributed 
by the passengers, officers, and crew of the Steamer George Law, on her 
late voyage to and from Aspinwall, New Grenada, and $242 50, by the 
citizens of Aspinwall, for the benefit of the sufferers from fever in your 
afflicted city. Permit me to say, that each and all of them expressed to me 
the deepest sympathy in the sufferings of the inhabitants ; and I must add, 
it has been with pain and sorrow I have read the sad reports published 
from day to day, of the distress and trouble among those with whom I 
have passed so many happy days, and most sincerely do I sympathize in 
their misfortunes. Trusting the above amount may relieve the wants of 
some few, I remain, with respect, yours truly, 

[Signed.] ALFRED G. GRAY. 



Columbia, and Philadelphia Railroad. ) 
Superintendent's Office, Parkersburg, Oct. 9th, 1855. j 

To the Treasurer of the Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — The enclosed amount, five hundred and five dollars, has 
been contributed by the employees on this road, to assist in alleviating 
the sufferings of the distressed citizens of Norfolk and Portsmouth. 

It is the desire of the contributors, that the enclosed amount should be 
proportionately divided between Norfolk and Portsmouth, agreeably to 
the judgment of your Association. 

I shall be pleased to have your acknowledgment of the receipt of the 
within amount, at your earliest convenience. Very respectfully, yours, 
[Signed.] JOSEPH B. BAKER, Superintendent. 



Plymouth, Mass., Oct. 9th, 1855. 

Dear Sir : — The Religious Societies of this town have held contribu- 
tions, to add their mite towards alleviating the misery and destitution 
occasioned by the pestilence, which has visited Norfolk and Portsmouth. 
It is my cheerful duty to transmit to you, two hundred and twenty-nine 
dollars, and twenty cents, ($229 20,) the amount so collected; you will 
please send to the needy of Portsmouth one-third of the amount, such I 
presume being the proportion which it would be proper to apply to their 
use. 

Accept, my dear sir, the heartfelt sympathy of our citizens for their 
brethren in distress, and believe in the sincerity of their prayers, that the 
hand of death may be soon lifted from your midst. Believe me, sir, your 
obedient servant, 

[Signed.] WM. T. DAVIS, one of the Board of Selectmen. 

To H. W. Dowden, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 

I remit the amount in the form of a check, No 203, drawn by J. N. 
Stoddard, Cashier of Plymouth Bank, upon the American Exchange Bank, 
New York. 



Jersey City, Oct. 11th, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — The inhabitants of Jersey City have raised $1,051 53, to- 
wards the relief of the inhabitants of Norfolk and Portsmouth, rendered 
destitute by the pestilence which is, or has been, raging among them. 
The undersigned were appointed a committee to receive and forward those 



88 

contributions, and in execution of that duty, send those funds to be dis- 
tributed by the Howard Association. Enclosed you will find a Certificate 
of Deposit, of that amount, $1,051 53, to the credit of your Treasurer, R. 
W. Bowden, Esq., in the Mechanics & Hatters' Bank of this city, which 
bringing New York prices, is the most available form in which we could ar- 
range it. The contributions were made by the donors for those rendered 
destitute, or in need, in both cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth. "We send 
it to your Association to make such distribution of it between the two ci- 
ties, as the cause of humanity over the objects of your Association may 
dictate as proper. Accept our assurances of the deep sympathy felt by 
our fellow citizens with the afflicted inhabitants of your city. Very re- 
spectfully, yours, 

[Signed.] A. 0. ZABRISKTE, ROBT. GILCHRIST, JOHN GRIF- 
F1TT, and MINOT C. MORGAN, Committee. 

To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec of Norfolk Howard Association. 

Wofford College, Spartanburg, S. C, Oct. 1855. 

I enclose a check on the Continental Bank of New York, No 500, for 
$200, which you will please hand over to the Howard Association of your 
city. I have delayed this long, hoping to have made my contribution 
larger, and more in accordance with my feelings. Our salaries are paid 
semiannually in July and January. I had disposed of mine before the 
sad news reached me, my heart bleeds for my old home, every paper has 
brought sadness to my heart, by the death of two or three, and even four 
of my former pupils. My debt of gratitude to the dear old borough can 
never be cancelled ; nineteen years did I spend th pre : longer than I lived 
in the place of my nativity, and had many a kind friend and pupil, whose 
faces I can never again see in this world. My God ! in the brief period 
of three months, all whom I knew, swept into eternity. Since the stop- 
page of the Norfolk Herald, the accounts I receive by the Richmond and 
Petersburg papers, are scant and contradictory. Thank God ! you must 
have had frost ere this. You may consider me as pledged for $30 more when 
your banks pay dividends, in January next. My dear sir, I cannot tell 
whether I ana to condole with you in the loss of some members of your 
family, or rejoice at their escape, and thus it is with respect to many 
others, having no reliable information. I will be in Norfolk this winter 
if possible. I remain, yours truly, [Signed.] DAVID DUNCAN. 

N. C. Whitehead, Esq., acting Mayor of Norfolk. 

Wilmington, Delaware, Oct. 12th, 1855. 
To R. W. Burden, Esq., Treasurer. 

My Dear Sir : — Enclosed you will receive a draft from Bank of Dela- 
ware, on Bank of North America, Philadelphia, for $594, contributed on 
the part of the citizens of Wilmington, for the relief of the sufferers at 
Norfolk, Va. In making this second remittance to you, I am desired by 
my fellow citizens to express the deep and abiding sympathy they have 
continued to feel, in common with the whole country for you in your afflic- 
tion, and are now humbly trusting that circumstances are now occurring 
which must arrest the progress of disease. Feeling a deep interest in 
the orphanage which has resulted from this dispensation, should our small 
contribution be not more required in some other channel of kindness, we 
shall be happy to have any part thereof appropriated for the present, or 
future comfort of these M little ones/' With great respect and kindness, 
believe me truly, yours, 

[S.gned.] II. T. ASKEW, Mayor, and Treasurer of Relief Fund. 



89 

Baltimore, 26th Oct., 1855. 
A. B. Cooke, Esq., President Howard Association, Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — Messrs, Duncan, Sberman, & Co., of New York, have au- 
thorized me to draw on them for $500. for account of George Peabody, 
Esq., in London, who desired to present that sum, " to be used for the 
benefit and relief of the orphans" at Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Gosport, 
Va. Be kind enough to inform me in what manner you are of opinion this 
sum can best be distributed, in order to meet the wishes and instructions 
of the liberal donor. Yours respectfully, 

[Signed.] WM. H. BRUCE, Treasurer Norfolk &c fund. 

St. Louis, 16th Oct., 1855. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., 

Dkar Sia: — I am directed by the members of Polar Star Lodge of Ma- 
sons, meeting in this city, to send you a check for $50, to be disposed of 
by the Howard Association, for the relief of the sufferers of Norfolk and 
Portsmouth. I accordingly inclose herein, E. W. Clark, & Bros/ draft 
on Samuel Harris & Sons, Baltimore, for $50. This is a small testimo- 
nial of the above Lodge's appreciation of your noble exertions on behalf 
of the sick and distressed in the above mentioned cities. I wish to God 
the amouot was larger, but the Lodge is far from being rich. Have the 
kindness to acknowledge the receipt, and oblige yours sincerely in the 
cause of suffering humanity, 

[Signed.] JAS. WYKERHAM, Sec. Polar Star Lodge. 

Petersburg, Oct. 16, 1855. 
Augustus B. Cooke, Esq., President Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir : — By steam to-morrow I shall forward to your address, three 
small boxes of clothing, contributed by a few of the ladies of our city 
for the relief of the bereaved children now under the protection of your 
noble and self-sacrificing Association. I trust the offering will reach you 
in due time and be acceptable. Petersburg extends to suffering Norfolk 
her sincerest sympathy, and hails with delight the glad intelligence of re- 
turning, health. Yery truly and sincerelv yours, 

[Signed.] HENRY C. HARDY. 

Newburyport, Mass., Oct. 11, 1855. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — We are happy to inform you that the citizens of New- 
buryport, Mass , have contributed the sum of $861 30. This contribution 
was taken up in the various churches, as follows : 
First Presbyterian Church, Rev. A. G. Vermilye, 
Prospect Street Congregational, Rev. Rand. Campbell, 
St. Paul's Episcopal, Rev. Wm. Horton, 
Titcomb Street Congregational, Rev. Dr. L. R. Dimmick, 
Whitfield Church. Congregational, Rev. Samuel J. Spaulding, 
Pleasant Street Church, Unitarian, Rev. R. C. Waterston, - 
Belville Church, Congregational, Rev. Daniel F. Fiske, 
Harris Street Church, Presbyterian, • - 

Christian Baptist, Rev. Daniel P. Pike, 
Universalist, Rev. D. M. Reed, - 

First Baptist, Rev. James Barnaby, - 
Second Baptist, Rev. James G. Richardson, - 
First Methodist, William Smith, - 

From several individuals, - 

$861 30 



$120 


00 


101 


06 


100 


29 


100 00 


74 26 


74 16 


62 53 


30 00 


30 


00 


26 


50 


25 


00 


11 


50 


6 


00 


100 00 



90 

The above amount is deposited in the Mechanics' Bank of this city to 
your credit. We send you a certificate of deposit, which we think the 
safest and most judicious way of remitting. The above amount is at your 
disposal, presuming you will give Portsmouth, Va., her fair proportion 
according to her wants and necessities. It is of course left for your As- 
sociation to use your own judgment and discretion in the matter. 
With much respect, vour obedient servants, 

[Signed.] MOSES DAVENPORT, 

MOSES SWEETZER. 

We have sent your correspondence to Boston with particulars, which 
were published in the Newburyport Herald yesterday ; we also send you 
a printed copy cut from the Herald. We hope this will have a tendency 
to increase the subscription list in Boston and other places, as many have 
the idea that your Association have a surplus of cash funds on hand. 
You will see by the printed list that it agrees with the letter, and con- 
tains a list of the churches, pastors, and amounts of each society, &c. 
Yours truly, &c, [Signed.] MOSES SWEETZER. 



Plattsburg, Mo., Nov. 10, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — Enclosed is ten dollars, to be applied for the relief of the 
orphans under the care of your "Association," and may God bless you 
all, for he alone is capable of blessing you as you deserve. 

Very respectfullv, your obedient servant, 

[Signed!] JAMES H. BIRCH, JR. 

To Mr. S. Cherry/, or any other Member of the Howard Association, at 
Norfolk, Va. 

Roswell, Ga., Nov. 12th, 1855. 
Treasurer of the Howard Association. 

Sir : — We saw in the Presbyterian an appeal to the children for the or- 
phans of Norfolk and Portsmouth. Please to accept of the collection 
which we have taken up in the Roswell Sunday-school, and please to ac- 
knowledge it in the Philadelphia Presbyterian. Enclosed $18 00. 

Berry ville, Clarke Co., Va., Nov. 16th, 1855. 
Mr. Solomon Cherry. 

Dear Sir : — Accept my sincere thanks for your very kind and satisfac- 
tory reply to my letter. It has removed all doubt and perplexity from 
my mind, caused by the many conflicting accounts as to whether articles 
of clothing would be necessary or not, such a quantity having been sent. 
You have given me the information I most desired, and I this day forward 
the box by way of Baltimore to the care of F. A. Levering, which I hope 
you will receive safely and distribute in Norfolk or Portsmouth, or both 
places, as most needed. I am sorry to hear of the continued destitution 
of the poor. Would to God it were in my power to relieve their wants, 
but I have thrown in the widow's mite, and can only regret my inability 
to do more. I extend in sympathy the warmest feelings of my heart to 
all those who have been left so desolate ; may He who has promised to be 
a friend to the fatherless and widow provide for each and every one. I was 
deeply pained to hear of the death of our dearly loved Mr. Jackson. This 
parish was his charge for a long time, and his people were all sincerely 
attached to him. His life and death have testified that he was a " man 
of God." I am sorry to read accounts of the re-appearance of the fever 
since your letter, but I trust it may soon disappear entirely, and God grant 



91 

that your city may soon be restored to its accustomed health and pros- 
perity, and may you never again be so severely scourged. Will you 
please let me know if you receive the box safely, and excuse me for taxing 
your time and patience? Most truly yours, 

REBECCA A. SMITH. 



Rochester, Nov. 20, 1855. 
To Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Gentlemen: — Please accept my humble pittance of $10, for the benefit 
of your institution, to be used as you may think proper. I wish I was 
able to send more. Respectfully yours, 

[Signed.] JACOB ANDERSON. 



Newark, N. J., Dec. 18th, 1855. 
Robt. W. Bowden, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — It has been my pleasing duty, by appointment of the citi- 
zens of Newark, to act as one of a committee to collect and transmit to 
your funds for the relief of the sufferers by the late fever there. We have 
sent heretofore two remittances (which have been duly acknowledged) of 
the contributions of our citizens, and now enclose you a certificate of de- 
posit on the Mechanics' Bank of our city, payable to your order, for 
$119 13. I am desired by my associate on the committee to request that 
this amount may be expended for the benefit of the orphans of Norfolk 
and Portsmouth, who were made so by your late terrible visitation, in 
such manner as your Howard Association shall deem best. It gives me 
pleasure to bear testimony to the almost universal willingness of our citi- 
zens to contribute for the relief of your sufferers, and to say that the 
amounts that have been contributed have been done with a cheerfulness 
that indicated that they came from the hearts in the right place. And 
while our contributions have not swelled to so large an amount as those 
of some other cities, still when we reflect that our population is composed 
almost entirely of mechanics, the amount they have given is creditable 
to them, as evincing a Christian sympathy for their fellow-countrymen in 
distress, notwithstanding the strenuous efforts of politicians and others 
to convince themselves and the world that there is no sympathy or fellow 
feeling between the northern and southern portions of our country. 
Acting on behalf of the committee whose names are attached to our former 
communications, I subscribe myself, Your obedient servant, 

[Signed.] SILAS MERCHORK, per S. DODD. 

Be so kind as to acknowledge the reception of this as soon as your con- 
venience will permit. Truly, S. M. 

Barnum's City Hotel, 
Baltimore, Nov. 22d, 1855. 

Dear Sir: — You will please find enclosed a check for $100, for the 
orphan fund of Norfolk and Portsmouth. We sent previously to the 
Howard Association §400, the first aid we believe they received from Bal- 
timore, and still feeling a deep sympathy for the afflicted and suffering 
inhabitants, we continued our efforts, and now tender the enclosed sum, 
with the hope that health and prosperity may be speedily restored. 
We remain your friends and obedient servants, 

[Signed.] BARNUM & CO. 

To R. W. Bowden, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 



92 

Kalb Town, Jeff. Co., Va., Dec. 23d, 1855. 
Dr. Solomon Cherry. 

Dear Sir: — This is to notify you that we have sent by Adams & Co.'s 
Express, a box of 57 articles of children's clothing, sent by some of the 
ladies of Wickliffe Parish, Clarke Co. These, with 40 previously sent 
by two little girls, make 97 articles. Our parish is a very small one, but 
still we might have done more. May God bless and provide for, out of 
the treasures of his abundance, the little sufferers. May he heal the deep 
wound which he has inflicted upon your devoted cities. It is the desire 
of the ladies, that these articles sent may be divided between Norfolk and 
Portsmouth. 

An acknowledgment of the receipt of the box is requested for our assu 
ranee of its arrival. Believe me, very truly, Yours, 

[Signed.] JNO. D. POWELL, 

Rector of Wickliffe Parish. 

This letter was written, as you will observe, one month ago, but wishing 
to send it simultaneously with the box, which has been detained, it has 
been kept. Hope the articles may not prove entirely too late. 



Norfolk, Dec. 30th, 1855. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., Secretary. 

Dear Sir: — Please accept the accompanying small contribution to the 
fund for the relief of the destitute orphans of your city, with the expres- 
sion of my warm sympathies and earnest wishes for the entire success of 
your noble undertaking. Respectfully vours, 

[Signed.] ELIAS WADE, Jr. 

Philadelphia, May 15th, 1856. 
To Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk. 

Dear Sir: — By this morning's mail I have sent to Tazewell Taylor, Esq., 
of your city, a deed of gift from myself to your Association conveying 
$1600.00 of Philadelphia 6 per cent loan to A. B. Cooke, T.»J. Corprew, 
and others in trust ; and accompanying it is the certificate of stock in my 
name, and power of attorney to A. B. Cooke and yourself, to transfer it 
to the Howard Association in Norfolk, which I have requested him to 
hand over to you on my behalf. 

There may possibly be one or two hundred dollars more to be inserted 
for you after the monument is completed and paid for. 

Yours truly, [Signed.] THOMAS WEBSTER, Jr. 

Trustee for citizens of Philadelphia. 



Philadelphia, May 28th, 1856. 

Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of Howard Association, Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — I have to acknowledge receipt of your esteemed favor of 
26th inst., informing me thatyouhave received from Tazewell Taylor, Esq., 
of your city, on my behalf, as trustee for the citizens of Philadelphia, a 
certificate for $1600 of the fiduciary of the city of Philadelphia, accom- 
panied by a deed of trust, conveying same to the Howard Association 
for the use of the orphans of your city, and also advising me that the 
Association accept the said trust. On behalf of this community it is my 
pleasant duty to further acknowledge the grateful thanks you have so 
gracefully tendered for this and every other effort made by our citizens 



93 

to extend relief to the sufferers by the late pestilence. I earnestly trust 
thatyour city may forever be spared a revisitation of the scourge. Should 
however, calamity, disease or suffering again ravage and desolate your 
fire sides, our community, true to its natural sympathies, will generously 
respond to the cry of distress. It might be deemed discourtesy were I to 
close our official correspondence without adverting to the many warm 
commendations which you and your Association have been pleased to pass 
on my feeble efforts. I beg leave now, for the first time, to respond to 
your thanks, and to sincerely assure you that in all my relations to your 
sufferers, whether as Chairman of the Philadelphia Committee of Relief, 
or as temporary Trustee for your orphans, I did but discharge the duties 
of the honorable part to which my fellow citizens appointed me, and of 
carrying out their wishes and instructions. The measures concerted in 
this city to relieve your terrible distress, were spontaneous, ardent, and 
general, and therefore the high regard and esteem they elicit from you 
justly belong to Philadelphia and its vicinity, in its aggregate capacity — 
as a community, and to no individual member thereof. 

With a due sense of the honor, the complimentary notices extended 
to me, I am, very trulv yours, 

[Signed.] THOMAS WEBSTER, Jr. 

The Howard Association of Charleston, June 3d, 1856. 
Solomon Cherry, Esq., Cor. Sec. of Howard Association of Norfolk, Va. 

Dear Sir: — I, yesterday received by mail, your favor of the 30th 
ultimo, and by Adams & Co.'s Express, the package of which is advised, 
containing five Gold Medals, sent by your Association, for the following 
gentlemen of this city, viz : — The Hon. Wm. Porcher Miles, Dr. St. Julian 
Ravenel, Dr. Wm. H. Huger, Dr. E. C. Steele, and Dr. T. C. Skrine. 

I have the pleasure of saying, that I have delivered to these gentlemen 
in person, the medals designed for them respectively; and that they were 
received with the feelings and expressions appropriate to testimonials 
entitled from their source and their purpose to so high appreciation. 

With my thanks for the privilege of representing your Association in 
the delivery of these valued tokens of your consideration. 

I have the honor to be, very respectfully and truly, yours, &c, 

DANIEL RAVENEL, 
President of Howard Association of Charleston. 



A List of Physicians, Druggists and Nurses from abroad, w7w volunteered 
their services to the Sufferers of Norfolk, Va., during the Yellow Fever 
Epidemic of 1855. 

NEW TOKK. 

Physicians. — George S. West, C. C. Shell, Wm. Harwitz, James Wilson, 

Fredericks, J. C. Caprey. 

Nurses. — Miss A. M. Andrews, Syracuse, Mrs. Wallace, Capt. George Atwood, 
Edward Tremayne, D. T. Freer, Chailes Robinson, Marinus Brassine, Leslie 
Gilospie. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Physictans. — William H. Freeman, Thomas Craycroft, A. A. Zeigenfusse, James 
McFadden, J. E. Marsh, Herman Keirsoo, A. B. Campbell, J. R. McCoy, Lewis 
Marlin Y. de Castro, Student of medicine at that time. 

Druggists. — Thomas W. Handy, A. J. Gibbs Henry L. Van Cleive. 

Nurses. — Mary Jacocks, Alide Seyferelle, Catharine Heck, Ann McCaust, W. W. 



Maul, James Hennessy, W. L. Driver, Jos. Robinson, Lewis Kunitz, Jno. O'Brien, 
Jno. W. Grimes, Thomas Whitten, Vincent Tarres, J. R. Roach, Capt. Nathan 
Thompson, Andrew J. Thompson. 

BALTIMORE. 

Physicians. — John Morris, Robert Thompson, T. Baath, Walter, Fleiss, 

Stranburg. 

Nurses —Margaret E. Wilson, Ann Mahoney, McFolton, Charles Solomon, 

R. H. Grayham, Jno. T. Seguine, W. A. Gibson, Joseph Torbet, H. M. Phillips. 

WASHINGTON CITY. 

Physicians. Williams, De Berche, W.- H. Jackson, Student. 

Nurses. — Mrs. C. S. Jones, Thos. Briggs. 

RICHMOND, VA. 

Physicians. — Phillip E. Gooch, Jno. T. Hargrove. 

Nurses. — Mrs. E. W. Webb, Leaman, Miss E. W. White, J. M. McDowell, 

T. P. Howell, N. J. Crow, Henry Myers, Charles L. English, R. H. B. English, Paul 
Michaud, Henry Brockmyer, Jno. M. Jacobs, Walter Scott, David Pike, J. A. Lacy, 
Jas. Kelly, Antonie George. 

Physicians — Richard Blow, Sussex Co., Va. 

Nurses. — R. A. Forbes, Westmoreland, Va., Joseph M. White, Warrenton, N. C. 

CHARLESTON, S. C 

Physicians. — A. R. Williman, St. Julian Ravenel, W. H. Huger, T. C. Skrine, 
E. C. Steele, John B. Holmes, W. Porch er Miles, A. R. Taylor, Student, E. E. 
Jackson, Student, A. M. Loryea, Student. 

Nurses. — Mrs. O'Connor, Jane Gauth, Wm. Maxwell and wife, Chas. Parker 

and wife, Mrs. Coats, Ann Brady, Solomon Haynes, Charles Lubbers, J. M. 

McCarty, W. Clairsine, James France, L. Hartnell, Joseph Von Pago, Mark Saun- 
ders, J. A. Kelly, W. A. Shepherd, Hartwright, and 19 others, most of them 

colored nurses, names not known. 

AUGUSTA, GA. 

Physicians.— A. F. Bignon, W. Milo Olin, Professor, O'Bermuller, Druggist, 

Jno.Talliaferro. 
Nurses. Brown. 

SAVANNAH, GA. 

Physicians. — J. B. Read, W; E. Donaldson, R. J. Nunn, J. E. Godfrey, Student, 
R. W. Skinner, Student, Thomas J. Charlton, Student, J. T. McFarland, Student. 

MOBILE. 

Physicians. — Robertson Miller, W. Balantine,* Professor, A. H. Jennete,* Pro- 
fessor, W. C. Miller, Student, W. T. Walthall, Student. 

Nurses.— Mrs. Doran, Murry, Rolls, Stinson, Emerill, 

MiBS Reid. 

NEW ORLEANS. 

Physicians — W. Stone, Thomas Penniston, E. D. Fenner, C. Beard, W. P. Wil- 
liams, J. S. McFarland, S. D. Campbell. 

Capt. T. J. Ivey,* F. A. Clack,* R. C. Ricardo,* W. N. Ghislin,* L. C. Dellard* 
Nurses. — J. D. Marks, S. J. Irwin, E. C. Bolton, S. J. N. Smith, Coving- 
ton, Armstrong, Wilson, Higgins. 19 other nurses were brought on 

by L. C. Dillard, Esq., and 13 by_ 

Physicians.— R. B. Berry, Tennessee, J. Hill, Warrenton, Va., J. A. Dillard, 
Montgomery, Ala., A. Clarkson Smith, Columbia, Pa., J. L. Baker, Student, Mont- 
gomery, Ala., W. H. Cloris, Student, Montgomery, Ala. 

* These gentlemen brought with them each a delegation of experienced nurses. 



REPORT ON THE 



YELLOW FEVER IN NORFOLK 



DURING THE SUMMER OP 1855. 



The committee, appointed by the councils "to investigate the cause and origin 
of the yellow fever of 1855," respectfully submit the following report : 

We assure the councils, that the delay in the appearance of our report, which has 
been to us a source of much annoyance and regret, has not been owing to negli- 
gence on our part, nor to an unwillingness to comply with their wishes, but rather 
to our determination to spare no effort to ascertain all the facts which might serve to 
throw light upon the difficult subject entrusted to us. In this endeavor we have 
met with unforeseen difficulties and delays. 

Immediately after our appointment, we adopted measures to obtain the most re- 
liable information of the first appearance of the fever in our port, and particularly 
of its existence on board the Ben Franklin, before her arrival in our waters. With 
this view we addressed letters to various persons who had been passengers on board 
the steamer during her voyage from St. Thomas — among others, to Mr. Helm, com- 
mercial agent of th*e United States at that port. From this gentleman, who came 
home a passenger in the steamer, we expected to obtain all the information we de- 
sired, not only of what happened on board during the voyage, but also of her pre- 
vious history and condition, as we supposed that he would have in his office a re- 
cord of all deaths that had occurred on board of an American vessel while in the 
port where he was consul; and that, moreover, he could readily obtain from the phy- 
sicians of St. Thomas, a reliable professional account of any cases of fever which 
might have come under their notice on board of the Ben Franklin, as well as of the 
sanitary condition of the island at the time of her departure. After waiting several 
months for a reply, we again addressed Mr. Helm, and on this occasion through 
Mr. Marcy, Secretary of State, who very promptly and courteously answered our 
letter, assuring us that he had forwarded our communication to Mr. Helm, with in- 
structions to furnish all the information we desired, and that we would hear from 
him as soon as it was possible to collect and forward the necessary evidence. 

We have waited for Mr. Helm's communication, now nearly a year, and think it 
useless any longer to delay our report. If hereafter we shall be so fortunate as to 
obtain an official or professional account of the sickness on board the Ben Franklin 
while lying at St. Thomas, we will place it before the public in some of the medical 
journals. We also put a notice in the New York Herald, requesting the passengers 
on board the Franklin to communicate to us any facts within their knowledge, of 
the sickness on board of her during the voyage, but thus far without receiving a 
single letter from this source. 

We have thought fit to enter into these explanations, in order to satisfy the coun- 
cils that our delay has not been owing to remissness, nor the paucity of our facts, 
to want of industry and effort on our part, but to indifference or other motive on the 
part of those from whom we sought information. 

The yellow fever, which, for more than a century, has engaged the attention not 
only of the medical profession, but of the governments and people of all commercial 
nations, has recently been invested with new interest, by the occurrence, within a 
few years, of epidemics of unusual malignancy in several of our own cities, as well 

(95) 



96 

as in parts of South America, where it had been hitherto unknown. Among these 
epidemics, that of our own town, with whose history we are charged, is one of the 
most remarkable and interesting, not merely on account of its extraordinary fatal- 
ity, but because of its appearance so far from its usual habitat, in a climate and 
place which for a long period of time had been almost entirely exempt from it. 

Where the disease is of annual recurrence, it must be difficult if not impossible to 
point to the sources of its origin. It is only where its visits are rare, with L ng in- 
tervals of healthy seasons, that we can hope, by contrasting all the conditions and 
circumstances of epidemic and healthy years, to discover the mysterious cause which 
gives rise to this terrible scourge. We ought, in the sickly years, to be able to find 
some local causes which had not previously existed, some unwonted meteorological 
conditions, some foreign and imported elements, or a combination of circumstances 
to furnish an explanation of the occurrence of so extraordinary an epidemic. This 
is what we shall endeavor to do in regard to our late epidemic. We are aware that 
the subject is one involved in difficulties so great as to have baffled, hit' erto, the 
most zealous efforts of the medical profession, whi' h is still divided in opinion upon 
it — nor are we vain enough to think that we will be able to settle the question. All 
that we hope to accomplish is to put upon record a faithful and we believe a correct 
history of the conditions and circumstances which preceded, if they did not cause 
the outbreak of fever among us, and thus contribute our portion to the mass of ac- 
cumulating evidence, which will, in a few years, we trust, be sufficient to solve the 
great question so deeply interesting to the health and prosperity of our seaport ci- 
ties, viz : Is the yellow fever of local origin, or an imported disease? 

Before entering upon the investigation of the causes of the fever of 1855, we think 
it will be interesting and useful to give a slight sketch of the situation and topo- 
graphy of Norfolk, as well as a brief account of previous epidemics of yellow fever 
which have prevailed in it. 

Norfolk lies in latitude 36 p 50' N. and longitude 76° 19' W. on the east bank of 
Elizabeth river, at its junction with the eastern branch, being about six miles south 
from Hampton Roads, about twenty-five from Cape Henry, and about fifteen in a 
direct line over a wooded country, from the Atlantic Ocean. "It is nearly surround- 
ed by water, having the river on the west and south, Newton's creek on the east, 
and Smith's creek on the north. Several small creeks penetrate into the city, and 
branching in various directions, serve as natural drains of its surface. The water 
is salt, and in the river and eastern branch, deep enough for the^largest ships. The 
tide flows into the creeks and coves twice a day, covering them at high water, but 
leaving their surface quite bare at low water. The borders of these marshy creeks 
have never been considered unhealthy, unless where the free entrance of the tide 
has been obstructed by making streets or causeways across them. Where this has 
been done, the immediate neighborhood has become subject to intermittent fevers. 
The surface of the town, as well as of the adjacent country, is low and flat, being no- 
where more than ten or twelve feet above the level of the river. Near the wharves 
it is occasion ally overflowed, when during an equinoctial gale the river rises a few feet 
above its ordinary height. The soil is alluvial, consisting of a stratum of clay from 
3 to 6 feet thick, lying upon fine sand, beneath which, at a depth of from 20 to 30 
feet, is a bed of marl of great thickness. The commercial part of the city lies be- 
tween Main street on the north and the river on the south. It is from one to three 
hundred yards in width, and more than half a mile in length. The wharves are 
mostly of wood, and intersected occasionally with docks, into which the tide flows 
freely. Most of the land south of Main street has been reclaimed from the river, 
the filling being made originally with pine saplings covered with earth. But as 
this was, for the most part, some fifty or sixty years ago, the land is now perfectly 
solid. The eastern half of the made ground, however, on which the famous Barry's 
row is situated, has been filled up within the la-t fifteen or twenty years. The 
streets are irregular and crooked, but almost universally paved and well drained, 
and are kept cleaner than in most towns of the same size. The well water is hard 
and unpleasant to the taste, containing both salt and lime, but for the last thirty 
years the inhabitants have used rain water caught in cisterns below ground. The 
climate, although variable, is very mild and agreeable throughout the year, the win- 
ters cold, being tempered by the nearness of the ocean, while the heat of summer is 
moderated by the sea breeze which prevails with tolerable regularity in hot weather. 
Our climate is, therefore, several degrees warmer in winter and as much cooler in 
summer than that of inland towns in the same latitude. The summer nights are par- 
ticularly pleasant, being rarely too warm for comfortable sleep after the hottest day. 



97 

Portsmouth lies southwest from Norfolk, on the opposite side of the river, which 
is here more than half a mile wide. Gosport is on the same side of the river as 
Portsmouth, but higher up and to the southward of it. Between the two places flows 
a marshy creek three or four hundred yards wide, which is crossed by a causeway 
and bridge. Gosport contains a population of five or six hundred, chiefly Irish la- 
borers and their families, keepers of boarding-houses, &c. It has one principal 
street, Water street, which runs from the bridge to the navy yard gate, and several 
cross street?. Water street is parallel with the river, and about 80 or 100 yards dis- 
tant from it. Between this street and the river is situated Page & Allen's ship yard, 
which merits a more particular description as the place where the first cases of fever 
occurred in 1855. It fronts on the river to the east several hundred feet, and ex- 
tends westwardly to Water street, about three hundred feet. Near the river front 
is an old brick ware-house, now used as a work- shop and stable. The wharf is of 
wood, and old. Entering the yard from the river is a small dock, partially filled 
with mud, but still covered with salt water at every tide. Behind the ware-house, 
between it and Water street, is another dock, partly filled with mud and timber, but 
also covered with water at high tid«. On the Water street front are three or four, 
wooden tenements occupied as boarding houses for workmen. The surface of the 
yard is covered with chips, but is clean and well drained. The whole place is open 
and ventilation unobstructed. 

Portsmouth is a pretty town, laid out very regularly, wi^h streets crossing each 
other at right angles. They are wide, but mostly unpaved and badly drained. The 
back of the town is somewhat cut up with marshes. Portsmouth has but little com- 
merce, and consequently few ware-houses or ships at her wharves. 

In climate and health the sister towns of Norfolk and Portsmouth differ but 
little, if at all. The population of Norfolk in 1855 was 16,000 — that of Portsmouth, 
about 10,000 — about one-fourth in both cities being black. Many years ago, Norfolk 
had the reputation, which was probably well merited, of being a very sickly place ; 
but for the last 25 years, since it has been paved and drained, we think it has com- 
pared favorably with o^her towns of the same size, whether on our Atlantic coast or 
in the interior — the annual mortality being about 2 J per cent. 

In the winter we have the usual diseases of the season, as catarrh, pneumonia, 
&c. In the spring, vernal intermittents are met with, more or less every year, bulj 
the cases are neither numerous nor very grave, being rarely if ever fatal. Early in 
June dysentery begins to appearand prevails more or less throughout this month 
and July. Ic sensibly diminishes by the beginning of August, and by the end of it, 
has usually ceased. It is seldom of a severe type, and not often fatal, except to 
teething infants. Cholera infantum also prevails during the hot months, but to a 
far less extent than it did 20 or 30 years ago. 

In the" latter part of August and September we again meet with intermittent and 
remittent fevers. These are usually of a mild type, rarely dangerous. The old fash- 
ioned bilious fever is seldom seen-. The healthiness of our autumnal season is 
proved by the fact, that for the last 15 years the mortality of September has not ex- 
ceeded the monthly average of the year. (Of course we except the yellow fever 
years.) October is a very healthy month, and November the healthiest of the year. 
The greatest mortality is in July ; the next in June ; then August — the deaths be- 
ing principally of young children. The country around Norfolk is far more sickly 
than the town, being very subject to intermittent and remittent fevers and other 
malarious diseases. Within the city, the most thickly settled parts are the health- 
iest. Main and Water streets are remarkable for their exemption from intermittent 
fevers, as we will show, these are the streets that have been usually the seat of yel- 
low fever. 

The first epidemic of yellow fever in Norfolk, of which we have any account, was in 
1795. After which, it prevailed more or less every year until 1805, with the excep- 
tion of 1804, in which year there was but a single case. It was very bad in 1800 and 
1803. The statement made by Dr. Archer, (Med. Recorder, vol. v,) that the yellow 
fever did not visit us after the great fire in February 1804 until 1821, is incorrect. 
There was no fever in 1804, but it reappeared in 1805 with considerable malignancy, 
as we find recorded in the note book of the late Dr. Wm. B. Selden. This fact we 
regard as of some importance, since its supposed disappearance after the destruc- 
tion of the commercial part of the town by fire, has been urged as a proof of its lo- 
cal origin in the preceding years. ' 

After 1805, the disease was not* seen in Norfolk until 1821, a period of sixteen 
years. An account of this epidemic was published in vol. v, Med. Rec. by Dr. 



98 

Robert Archer, health, officer of the port for that year. From his account we make 
the following extracts : 

On the 20th of July a vessel, from Point Peter, Ghiadaloupe, laden with rum, su- 
gar and molasses, arrived in the harbor. Having discharged her cargo at an upper 
wharf, her bilge water was pumped out in the dock between Southgate's and War- 
ren's wharves, which was found to be so putrid and offensive as to render it expe- 
dient that the doors and windows of a neighboring house should be closed in order 
to exclude the effluvia arising from it. This and Southgate's ware-house were about 
equally distant from the vessel, say about 15 or 20 yards — one on the east, the other 
on the west side of the dock. On the 1st August, Mr. Price,* acting as clerk in the 
ware-house, was taken sick with fever, strongly marked with symptoms of malig- 
nancy, and died on the . On the same day a negro woman, ceok to the family, 

occupying the other house, was attacked, and died on the 9th. On the 4th, two la- 
dies of the family sickened, the elder of whom died on the 10th. About the same time 
a boy aged 16, and an infant in the same family were attacked, but both recovered. 
On the 9th, the lady of the house had a slight attack, from which she soon recovered ; 
and the only one who escaped of the whole family, seven in number, was the master 
ef the house, whose duties fortunately took him front home at the time the bilge 
water was discharged. Young Piercy, who had assisted in pumping out the vessel, 
and a boy by the name of Andrews, who had frequently been about her at the same 
time, both sickened and died — one about the 15th day of the disease ; the other 
within 48 hours after the attack. It is evident, therefore, that the effluvia arising 
from the bilge water was the immediate cause of disease in every instance that has 
been recorded; for every individual had been exposed to its influence, and almost 
every one who had come within its atmosphere was more or less affected by it. 

The disease continued to spread from this time and from this centre. Dr. Archer 
further on says : 

I do not wish to be understood as subscribing to the doctrine of contagion and 
importation of disease, as generally implied, when I say that the vessel from Gua- 
daloupe had some agency in its production in the present "'instance. A foul air 
generated on shipboard and one brought from a foreign port are two distinct things ; 
but that bilge water, vegetable and perhaps animal matter and the like, whether of 
foreign or local origin, under certain circumstances of atmosphere, temperature, 
&g. are capable of engendering disease, no one, I am persuaded, is prepared to 
deny. 

It is obvious, from these extracts, that Dr. Archer, while clearly ascribing the 
first outbreak of the yellow fever to the foul bilge water pumped out by the vessel 
from Guadaloupe, had no suspicion that she had had cases of fever on board, or 
was from a port where the fever was prevailing at the time of her departure. Her 
bilge water was, in his eyes, simply foul bilge water — not bilge water from a yellow 
fever ship, containing the imported germs of yellow fever. By rare good fortune we 
have been enabled to obtain further and more accurate information concerning this 
vessel, and to supply, after the lapse of 35 years. facts which had altogether escaped 
the vigilance of Dr. Archer, and which place the connection between the yellow 
fever of 1821 and the vessel from Guadaloupe in a new and much stronger light. 
Having heard from Capt. Arthur Sinclair of the United States navy, that there was 
a man, now a pensioner in the Naval asylum at Philadelphia, whom he bad 
known as quarter gunner in the navy, of steady, sober and reliable character, and 
who had been a sailor on board the vessel which brought the fever to Norfolk in 
1821, we wrote to Dr. Jas. Green, surgeon of the asylum, requesting him to learn 
from the man himself what were the facts of the case. Dr. Green, in reply, enclosed 
us the following statement from Win. Douglass, the man in question : 

The schooner George Armistead, Capt. McNeil, sailed from Point Peter, Guada- 
loupe, with a crew of 6 or 7 men, all told, in the beginning of July 1821 ; two men 
sick all the passage. Arrived in Hampton Roads, the supercargo, Mr. Fowler, 
went ashore and up to Norfolk before the vessel was boarded by the health officer. 
In the evening of the same day one of the men died, and after dark we took him 
ashore and buried him at Sewall's point. Came on board at 10 o'clock, and another 
was dead; got the body into the long boat, and veered it one cable length astern, 
to be clear of the smell ; went ashore with it, and buried it near the other. The 
same day the vessel went up, and on the way was boarded by an officer, who en- 

* Price slept at the ware-house. He was taken sick on the 31st July, and died on the 16th 
August. — Note Book of Dr. W. B. Selden. t 



99 

quired of the captain whether lie had any deaths on board, and the health of the 
place we left. The captain's answer was, that one man fell from the mast head 
and was killed, and that he had traded to Point Peter several voyages, and never 
saw it healthier than when he left. Which was not true, for I was sick myself, and 
in the hospital at Point Peter. The harbor-master, Mr. Roberts, came on board, 
and received from the captain some pine apples and other fruit. All was right 
with the vessel. Went ashore to board in Woodside's lane, and another of the crew 
died that night, and several men in the house sickened that night, and never re- 
covered ; and in a few days the landlord died, and some of the harbormaster's 
family — the pine apple man. Dr. Archer was th,en in Norfolk. The merchant's 
name to whom the vessel was consigned I do not recollect, nor the wharf she 
laid at, as I went to Hampton in a pilot boat schooner going to Charleston, as there 
was something said about burning the George Armistead — made my escape and 
left my wages behind. WILLIAM DOU GLASS. 

Naval Asylum, Phil-ad. August 14, 1856. 

The above letter seems to establish the fact that there had been sickness and 
deaths on board the George Armistead before her arrival, and that the agency of 
this vessel in causing the outbreak of the yellow fever, was probably owing to some- 
thing more than the foulness of her bilge water. There can be no doubt that the 
George Armistead was the vessel mentioned by Dr. Archer, although in his acoount 
he omits her name; for on reference to the newspapers of the day, we find that the 
George Armistead arrived at Norfolk on the 20th July, and was the only vessel 
that arrived from Point Peter during the season. Douglass is in error in supposing 
that cases of fever occurred in Norfolk the night after the arrival of the vessel ; for 
Dr. Archer's account shows that it was on the 11th day after her arrival that the 
first case occurred. The name of the harbor-master whose family died in Wood- 
side's lane, was Dunstan. Roberts was also a harbor-master at that time, but did 
not live in Woodside's lane, nor did he lose any of his family by the fever. He 
also informs us that it was Dunstan and not he who brought up the vessel. Not- 
withstanding these slight inaccuracies, we think that Douglass can hardly be mis- 
taken in the important fact that two of his shipmates had died on board, and been 
buried on Sewall's Point, and that their deaths had been concealed from the health 
officer. 

We have been thus minute in our account of the origin of the fever of 1821, be- 
cause each epidemic may serve to throw light upon the origin of subsequent ones; 
and as will appear hereafter, there is a striking similarity between the history of 
the George Armistead and that of the Ben Franklin. It is also of consequence to 
establish the correct history of this epidemic, inasmuch as it has been cited as an 
instance pf the local origin of yellow fever in our city. . 

Dr. La Roche, in his recent very learned and elaborate work on yellow fever, 
(vol. ii, p. 379,) quotes from Dr. Archer's accountof this epidemic, the made ground, 
narrow lanes, filthy docks and crowded Irish population, in proof of the local origin 
of the fever, and yet, by a singular oversight, omits all mention of the vessel from 
Guadaloupe, to whose bilge water, discharged into this very dock, Dr. Archer, on 
the same page, ascribes the origin of the disease. 

During the next five years our town enjoyed a complete exemption from yellow 
fever. But in 1826 it again made its appearance, beginning about the 1st Sep- 
tember, in the same neighborhood as in 1821, and continuing until frost. Of this 
epidemic we can find no published account; but we have been told, by persons 
living here at the time, that it was attributed by the public to a vessel that dis- 
charged a cargo of damaged coffee in the neighborhood. It was less general and 
less malignant than that of 1821, and like it, was confined to the limited space be- 
tween Main street and the river. The greater part of the city, viz : all that lying 
to the north of Main street and east of Market square, was so entirely free from it, 
that no person who had not visited the infected district was attacked with the dis- 
ease. 

From this period until 1852 we had again a long immunity from pestilence. Du- 
ring these 26 years we are well assured that not a case of yellow fever was seen in 
town, except a pilot who contracted the disease on board a vessel from the south, 
and two officers of the United States ship Vandalia, who were taken sick after 
landing from that ship in 1848. Indeed, so long and so complete had been our ex- 
emption from the disease, that there was not in the city a single practitioner of 
medicine who bad ever treated a case of it. Our whole community had long lost 
all dread of it, believing it almost impossible that the disease could ever appear 



100 

among us again. While in this state of security, in the midst of a season remark- 
ably cool and healthy, we were startled by the discovery of some very suspicious 
cases about the middle of September, and in a few days had acquired the certain 
conviction that the yellow fever was epidemic in the lower part of the town. For- 
tunately, the weather was most unseasonably cool, and the disease made but little 
progress, although it continued to prevail until frost. The cases were not so nume- 
rous as in 1821 and 1826, yet the infected atmosphere was diffused over a wider 
space, extending much further to the eastward up Main street, and a few scattered 
cases, which could not be clearly traced to the infected district, occurring to the 
north of Main street, which had been its limit in former epidemics. 

The general character of this epidemic was mild, a very large proportion of the 
cases being slight. The severer cases, however, differed in no respect from those 
with which we became so familiar in 1855, the fatal ones being usually attended 
with hemorrhages and suppression of urine. From the best information we could 
obtain at the time, the deaths were probably from 50 to 100. The cases amounted 
to several hundred. More than six weeks after its commencement in Norfolk, the 
disease showed itself in Portsmouth, and was fatal in four cases, as we find recorded 
in the Report of the Portsmouth Relief Association, p. 92, by Dr. Schoolfield, who 
nowhere makes the slightest allusion to the existence of fever in Norfolk, although 
it had been epidemic in the lower part of the latter town for several weeks. 

Some of your committee, who were in Norfolk at the time, took great pains, 
during the prevalence of the epidemic, and immediately afterwards, to trace the 
disease back to its source, and were well satisfied that it had existed and proved 
fatal in many instances for several weeks before its true character was suspected. 
The first probable case was that of Sally Fisher, a white girl from the Eastern Shore 
of Virginia, who had been living for some months in Soniers' row, near the western 
extremity of "Water street. This girl died on the 7th or 8th of August, (she was 
buried on the 8th,) after an illness of 4 or 5 days. Before death she threw up a 
large quantity of black fluid, and turned very yellow, as we were assured by one who 
saw her. Unfortunately, she was not seen by any physician, so that we could not 
obtain a professional history of the case ; but that she died after 4 or 5 days' illness, 
deeply jaundiced, and throwing up black matter, is attested by a credible witness, 
who gave this account of her case before the existence of yellow fever was sus- 
pected among us. Indeed, so little suspicion had the girl's friends of yellow fever, 
that they inferred from the black vomiting and yellow skin that she must have been 
poisoned. From this time deaths continued to occur every few days in Somers' row, 
which consists of six small tenements. It soon crossed the street obliquely to the 
block between Fayette street and the Bethel church, and gradually spread over the 
whole of the lower part of the town. Somers' row is occupied by very decent per- 
son*, and is situated in a very open and well ventilated district. In front of it is a 
large open lot extending to Main street. To the east is a large lumberyard, which 
is kept very clean. To the south and west are a few warehouses. The streets are 
paved, and the population sparse. It would be difficult to point to any local cause 
of disease in the neighborhood, which is ordinarily perhaps the healthiest in the 
town, unless po?sibly a shook factory some 300 or 400 yards to the northwest of 
Somers' row. This factory is built in the river, and is surrounded by water. Such 
of the shavings as are not consumed in heating the boiler, are thrown into a shallow 
part of the river or dock, where they have been accumulating for some years, but 
are daily covered by the tide. There are several houses on Main street much nearer 
to this factory than Somers' row, but the disease did not reach there for several 
weeks after its commencement in the row. It was our opinion at the time that the 
shavings had no agency in producing the disease. We ascertained further that 18 
days before Sally Fisher died, and 13 before she was taken sick, viz : on the 20th 
of July, the Spanish barque Tascio arrived from Havana, where the yellow fever, 
as is well known, was very prevalent and malignant at the time of her departure. 
This vessel was not visited by the health officer ; for our long exemption from yel- 
low fever had rendered us very careless about quarantine, but came up at once to 
the city and discharged her cargo, and pumped out her bilge water at the tobacco 
warehouse wharf. On her arrival two of her crew (Spaniards) were sick, and were 
visited by a practitioner of homoeopathy, not educated as a physician. He pro- 
nounced their disease typhus or typhoid fever. One of. the men died — the other 
recovered. As the ship was just from Havana, where typhoid fever must be very 
rare, if indeed it exist at all, but where yellow fever was then very prevalent, it is 
far more probable that these were cases of yellow fever. Somers' row is about 100 
yards east of the wharf where the ship lay, with no intervening dwelling houses. 



101 



We are strongly inclined to the belief that the disease of this year was intro- 
duced by the above ship Tascio. We are strengthened in this opinion by a conside- 
ration of the very cool and healthy character of the season, and the absence of any 
apparent local cause of disease in the clean, sparsely peopled and well ventilated 
district where the disease first showed itself. We are fully aware that the evidence 
of the existence of fever on board the Tascio is only presumptive, and that we have, 
therefore, no right to ascribe the introduction of the disease to her; but we think 
it would be even more illogical to attribute its origin to local causes which were not 
visible, merely because the proof that it was introduced from abroad, does not 
amount to mathematical demonstration. 

In 1853 there was no case of fever in the town. In 1854 there were three cases 
of fever in Norfolk, all fatal. The first a woman, who died in Barraud's court in 
October ; the second a woman in Barry's row, also in October. The third a man, 
who died 2d of November in Water street, near Barry's row. During this season 
four cases occurred on the opposite side of the river, in the country, at the mouth of 
Scott's creek, as related by Dr. Schoolfield, who attributes them to some glass jars 
that floated ashore from the* French steamer Chimere, which had been lying for 
many weeks with very malignant yellow fever on board, at about the distance of .a 
mile from Scott's creek. There were also in quarantine at the same time two mer- 
chant ships from New Orleans, the Ashland and Osterveldt, which had put into this 
port in distress. These vessels were laden with cotton and corn, and were allowed 
to discharge at Ferguson's wharf at Fort Norfolk, about three-quarters of a mile 
from the town. The quarantine was not very rigid, extending only to the vessels? 
while the captains and crews were allowed free intercourse with the city, and work- 
men were permitted to go on board. One of these, a ship carpenter, took the fever, 
but recovered. We have not been able to trace any direct connection between the 
other cases of fever in Norfolk and these vessels. 

The year 1855, which forms the more immediate subject of this report, was not 
remarkable for any meteorological or other conditions foreshadowing the approach 
of the direful pestilence by which it has acquired so sad a celebrity. The winter 
was cold, dry and healthy. The spring too was very dry, and with the exception 
of April, cooler than usual. We can only estimate the influence of the weather in 
producing yellow fever, by carefully comparing the seasons in which the epidemic 
prevailed with those which were free from it. With this view we have compiled 
from the Army Meteorological Register, for which we are indebted to the courtesy 
of Surgeon General Lawson, the following tables, exhibiting the mean monthly 
temperature of the first nine months of the years 1826, 1852, and 1855, as well as 
the monthly mean of 30 years, from 1825 to 1854, and the quantity of rain which 
fell in each of the same months of the years 1852 and 1855, as well as the mean of 
18 years. 

This register was kept at Fortress Monroo, which is 12 miles north of Norfolk, 
and for the purpose of comparing different seasons, will answer as well as if kept 
in the city itself. We regret that we have no barometrical or hygrometrical obser- 
Tations to refer to, those kept at Old Point not being yet published. 







Thermometer. 














Jan. 


Feb. 


March. 


April . 


May. 

71.57 
65.K5 
65.72 
66.14 


June. 

78.02 
72.74 
74.81 
74.22 


July. 

7998 
76.23 
82.30 
78.28 


Aug. 


Sept. 


3826, 
1852, 
1855, 
Mean of 30 years, . 


43.55 
35.19 

43.48 
36.54 


48.23 
42.62 
36.79 
41.67 


54.87 
48.87 
44. • 
48.29 


56.63 
53.44 
59.33 
56.17 


79.33 
74.12 
79.44 

77.25 


76.51 
70.20 
76.51 
72.08 


Quantity of Rain, 




Jan. 


Feb. 


March 

1.82 
2.00 
3.33 


April. 


May. 

1.53 
2.10 
364 


June. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


1852. 
1855, 
Mean of 18 years, . 


0.90 
1.60 
3.26 


1.18 
0.40 
2.74 


2.72 
0.45 
2.80 


1.89 
3.80 
3.78 


3.83 
1.65 
5.56 


4.90 
1.80 
5.70 


1.55 
3.30 
3.43 



From the foregoing table it appears that 1826 and 1852, both fever years, were 
different in temperature. The first was a remarkably hot year, the mean tempera- 
ture of every one of the first nine months being considerably above the mean of 
30 years. On the other hand, 1852, the first fever year after 1826, was equally re- 



102 

markable for its coolness, the mean being considerably below the average in every 
month from April to September. 

In 1855 we find that January was very mild, February and March cold, April 
very warm, May cool, June a fraction above the average, while July, August and 
September were very hot months. Whatever influence the heat in July, August 
and September may have had in increasing the disease, it could have had none in 
causing its outbreak, since, as will appear hereafter, the first calses of fever occurred 
in June. The heat of June was not so unexampled as has been asserted, for the 
foregoing table shows that it was barely above an average ; and on examining the 
table of 30 years, we find in 15 of them June was hotter than in ISSS. In only one 
of these, viz : 1826, was there fever in Norfolk. 

The first five months of 1855 appear from the foregoing table to have been very 
dry, while June was very wet. There seems to be some doubt about the accuracy 
of the rain gauge at Old Point during the last five years, as the annual quantity of 
rain is far below the average; and unfortunately we have no access to any other 
kept for a series of years in this neighborhood. We feel sure from our own recol- 
lection, however, that the spring was a remarkably dry one. June must surely 
have been very wet, since the rain gauge at Old Point, which is suspected of mark- 
ing less than the true quantity of rain, yet shows more than an average. The early 
part of the year was very healthy. With the exception of scarlet fever, which 
prevailed in March and April, there was less sickness than usual. In June and 
July there was some dysentery, but we think less than in ordinary years ; certainly 
much less than in the preceding year 1854. There were also in June and July a 
few cases of typhoid fever — a disease which prevails more or less every year. We 
are satisfied, however, that up to the middle of July the year was one of more than 
average healthiness, *-nor were there any febrile or other diseases to show an un- 
healthy state of atmosphere, or make us suspect the approach of a great epidemic. 

The condition of the city as regards cleanliness was not different from what it 
had usually been. The streets are generally kept cleaner than in most towns of 
the same size, but there was no doubt a great deal of dirt in the yards and houses 
of the lower classes. 

The statements that have frequently been published of meat putrefying with un- 
usual rapidity and the fruit mildewing and rotting on the trees, had certairily no 
foundation except in the distempered imagination of the writers. So far from it, 
the fruit was remarkably fine and perfect; and it was observed by the southern 
physicians, that they had rarely seen in Charleston or New Orleans figs so luscious 
and unblemished. Indeed, in the very height of the epidemic there was nothing 
that would have led a stranger to suspect that he was in the midst of pestilence 
but for the frequent hearse hurrying at a trot through our deserted streets. Ihe 
air was as balmy and pleasant, and vegetation as healthy and luxuriant, as in the 
most favored seasons. 

On the 6th of June the steamer Ben Franklin, Capt. Byram, arrived in distress 
from St. Thomas. Having transferred her passengers, some 50 or 60 in number, to 
the Baltimore steam boat in the bay, the vessel came to anchor at the quarantine 
ground, about a mile below the city, where she was visited the next morning (7th) 
by Dr. Gordon, the health officer of the port. Dr. G-. was told by the captain that 
both his passengers and crew had been perfectly healthy during the voyage of ten 
days, there having been no fever or other disease among them. He admitted that 
he had lost two men — the first a fireman, who died suddenly, as the captain sup- 
posed, from disease of the heart; for he had been well and at work a short time 
before his death ; had been taken suddenly with sharp pain in the left side, and 
great difficulty of breathing, and died in half an hour after his seizure. The other 
was a sailor, who took the place of the first in the fire room ; and being unac- 
customed to the work and heat, was overcome by it, and died apparently from ex- 
haustion, after entering the capes, and was buried on shore near the quarantine 
ground. That neither of them had headache, fever or vomiting. Dr. Gordon found 
the rest of the crew healthy and the ship clean; but as the yellow fever was known 
to be prevailing at Saint Thomas when the steamer left, she was ordered to remain 
at quarantine, but the captain and crew were allowed to visit the city. 

On the 18th of the month, Dr. Gordon again visited the vessel, at the request of 
the captain, who was anxious to be allowed to go up to the ship yard to repair. 
Dr. G. reported to the board of health the same afternoon, that he found the crew 
in good health, and was assured by the captain that none of them had been sick 
since his arrival, although some of them were new hands, shipped in place of others 



103 

who had deserted. That he examined the ship thoroughly down to her water 
tanks. That she appeared to be clean and in good order, with no cargo and no 
ballast, except some iron cannons in her hold, a small supply of coal, and a few 
barrels of pork. That she was leaking so badly as to require constant pumping with 
the steam pump to keep her afloat, and consequently could have no foul bilge water. 

Upon this report of the health officer, and after being assured by the captain that 
the ship only needed caulk ng and some repairs to her upper works, and that there 
was no occasion to break out her bold, which indeed was already empty, the board 
of health gave permission for the ship to go up to Page & Allen's yard at Gosport. 
Accordingly, she went up the next morning, the 19th of June, after having laid 13 
days at quarantine. She remained at the yard until the 8th of July, during which 
time there were many workmen employed both on her outside and inside, in re- 
pairing her hull and boilers. While here too, she was partly broken out, to get at 
the stepping of the mast. 

On the 5th of July, a man from Richmond by the name of Carter, who had 
worked on her boiler on the 3rd, was taken sick and died on the fourth day, viz : 
July 8th, with unmistakable symptoms of yellow fever, so pronounced at the time 
by Drs. Williamson and Green of the navy, both very familiar with the disease, who 
were called to see him before death. This death caused a great panic in Ports- 
mouth, and the ship was sent back to quarantine on the same day, the 8th of July. 

Such is the history of the Ben Franklin, as it appeared at the time. Since the 
fever, we have taken great pains to get at all the facts relating to her, and submit 
the following account, which we believe to be substantially correct, although not 
supported by official or professional testimony. 

The Ben Franklin, a large sea steamer, sailed from New York in the fall of 1854, 
upon some filibustering enterprise to Central or South America, after the failure of 
which, she went to St. Thomas, where she lay for many months. At this time the 
fever was very prevalent at St. Thomas. In the month of March, the United States 
frigate Columbia came thence to this port, in consequence of the fever having 
broken out among her crew. From the officers of this ship and various other sources, 
we have understood that few if any vessels in the harbor escaped the disease. Capt. 
Philips of the barque Eliza of Baltimore, a very respectable ship-master and old 
trader to the West Indies, informed us that he was at St. Thomas in January 1855, 
and sailed from there February 5th ; that there was at that time a great deal of 
fever among the shipping as well as in the town ; that he had cases on board his 
own vessel, and thinks that nearly every vessel in the harbor had it ; and that there 
had been 8 or 9 cases on board of the Ben Franklin, and several deaths, as he was 
told in St. Thomas by Capt. Howes, the master of a vessel acting as consort to the 
Franklin in the expedition to South America, who was cognizant of what happened 
on board of her. From the engineer of the Franklin, Mr. Jno. Bowen, we have 
*~-ceived the following letters, proving the existence of the disease on board during 
'■lie voyage. We publish the letters in full, leaving out only some prefatory matter 
having no relation to the subject in question. 

Kensington, July 28, 1856. 

Mr. A. B. Willtman, M. D. — Esteemed Sir — *** I joined the ship in the island 
of Saint Thomas on the 26th of May, 1855, at which time the fever was on the is- 
land. I had two firemen then on the ship. One was taken sick with the fever. 
I examined the man, and found he had the symptoms of yellow fever. I reported 
him to the captain, and he, the captain, requested me to give him some medicine, 
which I did. The medicine I gave him was 60 grains of calomel with a portion of 
jalap, which had the desired effect. He complained of pain in the head, and also 
a pain in the small of the back. His tongue was completely coated with a dark 
brown crust. This case occurred two days before we sailed for the north. The next - 
case was the boy in the engineer's mess room, three days out from Saint Thomas — 
the symptoms appearing the same —but he died and was consigned to the deep after 
three days' sickness. From that time till we passed Cape Hatteras nothing oc- 
curred, when another of the firemen was taken down and also died, and was buried 
in the port of Norfolk while we lay in quarantine. Therefore we had two deaths 
and one cure on the passage. This is a correct statement of the voyage from Saint 
Thomas. The number of cures and deaths after leaving quarantine, were 4 deaths, 
and cures 3. 

Deaths — 1 boiler maker, 1 engineer, 1 second mate, 1 fireman. Cures — 3 firemen* 

Your obedient servant. JNO. BOWEN. 



104 

The second letter was in answer to one from Dr. Williman, the secretary of your 
committee, asking various questions for the sake of getting a more minute account 
of symptoms than was likely to be given by a person unaccustomed to draw up 
medical reports. 

Kensington, Aug. 10, 1856. 

Mb. A. B. Williman : — Respected Sir — In compliance with your request as to 
the questions and answers, I take this favorable opportunity to state to you as fol- 
lows : 

The first question is, whether the yellow fever was prevalent in the island of 
Saint Thomas during the time the Ben Franklin was there? — I do certify it was. 

The next question is, was there any sickness on board while there ? — There was 
one fireman, who recovered two days after sailing. 

The next question is, when was the first death ? — That took place three days after 
we left the island. This was fever. The skin was yellow, with high stage of fever. 

The next question is, when the next case took place ? This was before we made 
Cape Henry. That body was buried on the shore while the ship lay in quarantine. 
There was no more sickness on board for several days while laying in quarantine, 
until the second officer took sick, went to the hospital and died. 

My dear sir — I can assure you I was eye witness to all that I have stated, having 
been amongst it and examined every case which took place. And I must inform 
you that I have had the yellow fever myself in the island of Cuba in the year 1840 ; 
go that you are aware that by experience I must be acquainted with the symptoms of 
tho disease. I must inform you at the same time, that there was no vomiting in 
any of the cases ; therefore I cannot state any further than what I wrote in my last 
letter. Your obedient servant, JNO. BOWEN. 

These letters from the chief engineer in the immediate charge of the men who 
were sick, although wanting in the detailed account of symptoms, which would have 
been more satisfactory, still leave little doubt that they were cases of yellow fever. 
The fever was prevalent in St. Thomas. The men were taken with pain in the 
head and back, and high fever, and two out of three died after three days' sickness, 
with yellow skins. What other tropical fever is there with these symptoms, and 
so rapidly fatal? Of the fourth man who was taken sick in port and died in the 
hospital, we have a more detailed account by Dr. Upshur, which will appear in this 
report. 

Bowen's opinion of the character of this fever is confirmed by the following letter 
from Capt. Saml. M. Travers of Baltimore, an old and respectable ship master, who 
was long a resident of Saint Thomas : 

Taylor's Island, Dorchester Cy, Md. } 
February 12th, 1856. J 

A. B. Williman, Esq., Norfolk, Va. — Dear Sir — Yours of January 18th has just 
come to hand. In answer to yours, I can only say that I was a passenger on board 
the Ben Franklin in June 1855. In regard to the fever, I can only say that on or 
about the 27th of May last we steamed from the island of Saint Thomas, West Indies. 
The island at that time was distressingly sickly with yellow fever. That at the time 
of our sailing there were no cases on board, but on the third or fourth day out, we 
lost one of our crew, and the day we arrived in Hampton Roads we lost another one. 
From a number of years' residence in the West Indies, and some slight knowledge 
of the tropical diseases, I should certainly pronounce both cases yellow fever of the 
worst type. At one time there was a number of the creW down from fever, but at 
no time any passenger on the voyage ; which I attribute to all of us passengers 
being acclimated to the tropical climes. I have the honor to remain. 

Your obedient servant, SAML. M. TRAVERS. 

The next evidence in relation to the fever on board the Franklin, we found in 
the hospital case book of the late Dr. George L. Upshur, physician at the time to 
the United States marine hospital in this port. This book contains the notes taken 
daily at the bed side of the patients. It is written in pencil, and in the hand- 
writing of Dr. Upshur hirriself. 

June 21st. — James Palmer entered to-day, get. 25 ; Mass.; single ; very stout; is 
last from Saint Thomas in the steamer Franklin, which has been quarantined for 
12 days past with the yellow fever on board. Seized Friday 15th with chill, fol- 
lowed by high fever, and accompanied by vomiting and purging. On the next clay, 
being no better, took a dose of calomel and jalap, 5 grs. each, and repeated the dose 



105 

the day following. From this time gives a very imperfect account of his condition. 
Came to the hospital at 8 o'clock P. M. and was visited half an hour afterwards. 
[Decubitus on the back; countenance distressed; breathing panting, oppressed, 36 ; 
eyes heavy and somewhat injected ; head and limbs ache intensely; bowels moved 
three times, stools being small and painful; nausea and vomiting; thirsty; skin 
natural; pulse soft, full, 96; tongue red, sleek and clean;* tenderness on pressure 
at umbilical region ; sounds of heart natural ; no cough. R. Emp. canth. 4 by 6 
to abdomen. R. Quin. sulph. grs. xx; morph. sulph. grs. ss, pil, 4. Give two at 
once, and the other two early in the morning. 

22nd. — Palmer died at 2 A. M. this morning very suddenly, having vomited a 
large quantity of black fluid (black vomit). 

Mr. Robert S. Bernard, resident student in the hospital, gave the following further 
details concerning Palmer's death to Drs. Moore and Williman, who took this note 
at the time, (December 4, 1855 ;) 

Between 7 and 8 o'clock A. M. (22d,) I saw Jas. Palmer's body. He had been 
raving all night with delirium, occasional vomiting of dark blackish fluid, in con- 
siderable quantities. Saw a pint of the fluid; whole surface of a dark yellow, 
deeper in tint than a lemon ; eyes closed ; the face and breast of a deeper tinge 
than the other parts of the body. 

That this was a case of yellow fever, can admit of no question. "We know that it 
was so considered at the time by Br. Upshur, whose competency to diagnose yellow 
fever no one who knew him can doubt; and the description of symptoms and ap- 
pearance after death must satisfy all who are familiar with the disease, of its true 
character. 

It thus appears that the Ben Franklin bad at least three cases of fever on board, 
two of which proved fatal before her arrival at Norfolk, and that a fourth case oc- 
curred on the 15th, while she lay at quarantine. This case (Palmer's) is the one 
mentioned by Mr. Bowen, who says, "that while at quarantine the second officer 
took sick, went to the hospital and died." It had existed for three days when Dr. 
Gordon made his second visit to the ship on the 18th, and must have been care- 
fully concealed from his observation. This man, although very ill, was not visited 
by any physician, but kept on board, under the care of the captain, nearly three 
days, at the ship yard, amid all the noise and confusion occasioned by the work 
going on — and was at last, when in a dying condition, sent to the hospital after 
sunset, when the hands had all left the yard. Is it not evident that the captain con- 
cealed this man as long as he had a hope of his recovery, and at last sent him to 
the hospital only to H preventJiis dying on board, and thus subjecting the ship to 
be sent back to quarantine 1^ 

This-was evidently the first case of fever occurring in the port this summer, and 
proves conclusively that there was fever on board the Ben Franklin at the time she 
went to Gosport. It has been very strangely overlooked or omitted by Dr. School- 
field, in his account of the fever, published in the Report of the Portsmouth Relief 
Association. 

The belief, which is entertained by some medical men at the north, that the fever 
existed in Norfolk before the arrival of the Ben Franklin, seems to rest upon no 
other foundation than a statement made by Dr. Stone of New Orleans, in an ac- 
count of the yellow fever of Norfolk, which he gave to the New York Medical So- 
ciety in the fall of 1855. Dr. Stone is reported to have said 'that during his visit to 
Norfolk in August 1855, he had been told by Dr. Upshur that he had had many or 
some cases of yellow fever before the arrival of the Ben Franklin in our harbor. 
It is probable that Dr. Stone may have heard Dr. Upshur say that he had seen the 
fever before the arrival of the Ben Franklin, alluding to the cases that he saw in 
1852 and 1S54. But we think it almost impossible that he could have told Dr. 
Stone that he had seen cases in 1855, before the arrival of the Ben Franklin, for his 
hospital book shows that Palmer's case, on the 21st of June, was the first case in 
the hospital ; and his report to the board of health of Norfolk dates his first case in 
town (Mrs. Cusack) on the 16th day of July, (five weeks after the arrival of the 
Ben Franklin.) Besides, none of his medical friends who were in habits of daily 
intercourse with him, nor his associate in practice, who has possession of his visit- 
ing list, ever heard him speak of any case of fever, or even resembling fever, before 
the cases above mentioned. 

The next case of fever recorded in Dr. Upshur's hospital book, is the following: 

July 5. — Francis R. Jones entered to-day, set. 24; N. J.; single; previously 



106 

healthy ; from the steamer Franklin, which has lost recently some men with yellow 
fever. Palmer, whose case is recorded, p. 372, was from this steamer. This case 
has only been attached to the vessel one week. Seized on the 30th, with headache, 
backache and fever, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The fever continued to 
be high until next afternoon, when it subsided. There has been but little altera- 
tion in his condition since. Has taken purgative pill 3 or 4 times ; skin and con- 
junctiva very yellow; countenance natural; head aches a little; no backache; 
great tenderness on pressure at epigastrium ; no nausea ; some thirst ; hoarseness ; 
spits a little dark blood when he coughs ; pulse soft, 84 ; tongue clean, sleek and 
dry. 12 oz. blood by cups from epigastrium. Tinct. mur. ferr. gtt. 30, 3 times a 
day. 

Jones lingered until the 17th, with occasional appearance of improvement. He 
had, for some days before death, hemorrhage from nose and mouth, black vomit, 
phlyctena on limbs and forehead, and passed little or no urine. 

Dr. Upshur is probably mistaken in the date of Jones' attack, which be got from 
the patient himself; for Dr. Jas. G. Hodges of Portsmouth, who reports the same 
case to the committee, saw him in Gosport on the afternoon of July 3, "with high 
fever, severe pain in the head and back, face flushed, eyes injected, hurried respi- 
ration and distressing nausea. Was told by patient that he had slight chill early 
that morning. He also stated that he had gone from New York to Saint Thomas 
for the purpose of joining the vessel, but as she had left that port before his arrival, 
he took passage and sailed same day for Baltimore; had been attached to the 
steamer about one week when taken sick. Dr. Hodges regarded the case as yellow 
fever, and sent him to the hospital on the 5th. 

On the 5th of July also, James Courtright entered from the same vessel; had 
been attached to her a week ; was taken sick on the 30th of June. This was a well 
marked and severe case of yellow fever, but ultimately recovered. 

After the ship had been sent back to quarantine from Gosport, severalother cases 
of fever were sent up from her to the marine hospital, viz : Leary on the 19th July, 
and Humphreys and Malone on the 20th. Humphreys died on the 24th with jaun- 
dice, suppression of urine for 48 hours, convulsions, &c. The other two recovered. 

While the Ben Franklin was lying in quarantine, late in July, two negroes, Elvy 
Trotter and Noah Wilkins, who had not been to Norfolk or Portsmouth, passed a 
night on board. Two days afterwards they were both taken with yellow fever, and 
died on the 7th day. This fact is recorded by Dr. Schoolfield in his Portsmouth 
Report. It thus appears that the Ben Franklin had cases of fever on board at 
Saint Thomas, during the voyage to Norfolk, while detained at quarantine, also 
while lying at the ship yard in Gosport, and after hellfceturn to quarantine, clearly 
showing that she was deeply infected. 

Dr. Schoolfield (vide Portsmouth report) saw on the 24th of June Mrs. Fox sick 
with yellow fever at the mouth of Scott's creek. This place is in the country, on the 
river shore, below Portsmouth, and fully a mile and a half from Gosport. Dr. School- 
field ascribes this case to the malaria arising from the marshy shores of a creek on 
which the house was situated, and decaying cucumbers in the field near the house. 
While agreeing with the doctor that this was a genuine case of yellow fever, we do 
not admit his explanation of its occurrence. If marsh malaria were capable of pro- 
ducing yellow fever in country places, we ought to see hundreds, or rather thousands 
of cases every year in lower Virginia which is every where intersected with marshes 
both salt and fresh. Universal experience attests that the disease is unknown in 
the .country in this neighborhood. There must, therefore, be some other cause than 
marsh effluvia to account for Mrs. Fox's case. Now, we find that the Ben Franklin, 
with yellow fever on board, was lying at the distance of a mile or less from her 
house for nearly a fortnight before she was taken sick, and five days before her at- 
tack, the ship, on her way up to Gosport, passed within one-third of a mile or less 
from her house. We contend that it is far more probable that this lady was made 
sick by the infected air from the ship blown ashore by the wind, than that she took 
yellow fever in the country without any cause whatever, except such as ordinarily 
produces intermittent fever, but was never known before to cause yellow fever. We 
must also remember that yellow fever appeared in this house in 1854, when it was 
traced to the Chimere, then at the quarantine ground. (Vide Schoolfield's report.) 
It is fair to presume that the Ben Franklin lying at the same spot, caused the recur- 
rence of the disease in 1855. 

This view of the origin of Mrs. Fox's attack is confirmed by similar occurrences 
in 1856, in the harbor of New York, where the disease was manifestly blown to the 



107 

Long Island shore in the neighborhood of Fort Hamilton, from yellow fever ships 
lying in quarantine, at a distance of some hundred yards. 

The next cases of which we have any account, occurred in the practice of the late 
Dr. Trugien. These cases are, without doubt, the first that took place in Gosport, 
on shore. They were visited by Dr. Trugien on the 30th of June, and were taken 
sick either on that or the day before. Their names were Mrs. Brown, Eugene Riley 
and Robert Webb. They all lived in the same house, which is situated in Page & 
Allen's yard, and fronts on Water street. This house is the nearest tenement to the 
berth of the Ben Franklin, and is about 100 yards from it in a westerly direction. 
It is probable that they had not been on board the ship. They were attacked just 
10 or 11 days after the arrival of the Ben Franklin at the wharf. 

On the same day that Trugien's cases were taken sick on shore, one or two cases 
occurred among the crew of the Franklin (Courtright and Jones,) as already men- 
tioned. On the 5th, Carter, a workman on board the steamer, was taken, and died 
on the 8th. John Cooke died on the 10th, and Mrs. Palmer on the 11th, both in 
Irish row on Water street, directly opposite to the house in which Dr. Trugien's 
first cases lived. f 

From this time the disease continued to spread in Gosport, steadily and rapidly, 
in all directions. By the 1st of August it had reached the house of Capt. Barron, 
at the Navy Yard, about 500 to 600 yards southwest from the ship ; and at the same 
time it appeared in the southern part of Portsmouth, about as far from the ship 
yard to the north. 

During this time, and up to the middle of July, Norfolk, on the opposite shore 
of the river, continued remarkably healthy. The first knowledge that we had of 
the existence of the disease among us, was from a report made to the board of health 
by the late Dr. Geo. L. Upshur, on the 30th of July. In this report he stated that he 
had had, up to that date, 16 cases of fever, all in Barry's row. The first case was 
that of Mrs. Cusack, who was taken sick on the 16th day of July, in the same house 
in which her daughter had died of the fever in 1854, under the care of Dr. Higgins. 
Mrs. Cusack had not been to Gosport, nor indeed out of her house for several 
weeks, being an invalid and unable to go out. She recovered, as did most of the 
earlier cases, the first death being on the 29th, the day before Dr. Upshur made his 
report. Before Mrs Cusack's case, there were two deaths in Norfolk, which require 
some notice, as they have been supposed by some to have been from yellow fever. 

An Irishman, named Montgomery, died on the 2d day of July in Barry's row, 
after so short an illness that a coroner's inquest was held over his body. He was a 
sea-faring man, of very dissipated habits. A few days before his death he had 
been on a frolic and drinking to great excess, and died two or three days after 
taking to his bed. The late Dr. Constable, who attended the inquest, afterwards 
remarked to a friend, that from the yellowness of the skin and some suspicious look- 
ing dark matter on the floor, he should have suspected that his death had been 
owing to yellow fever, if that disease had been prevailing at the time. No phy- 
sician saw him during life, and we have been unable to learn anything of his 
symptoms. 

The other case was a child, Horatio Williams, set. seven years, son of Mrs. Phoebe 
Williams, corner of Main and Fayette streets. He was taken sick on the 24th or 
25th of June, with sore throat and fever. Visited on the 27th by Dr. Selden. He 
had well marked diphtherite covering the pharynx and tonsils, with an acrid dis- 
charge from the nostrils, and some fever. The fever ceased on the 28th ; the diph- 
therite disappeared the next day; and on the 30th he seemed perfectly well, with 
the exception of a slight excoriation of the nose from the acrid discharge. He had 
no fever, a good appetite, and was running about, apparently free from all disease. 
Discharged. 

On the 1st July was taken, at 4 P. M. with fever, with some headache and drow- 
siness. The fever continued, with increasing drowsiness, until 2 A. M. of the 4th 
(58 hours) it ceased rather suddenly, leaving him with a cool skin, slow pulse, and 
very prostrate. The drowsiness, instead of abating with the decline of fever, con- 
tinued to increase, until by night it amounted to stupor, from which he could not 
be aroused. During the day there were frequent efforts to vomit, without, however, 
awaking from his slgep. At 10 P. M. vomited for the first time a little dark matter, 
the stain of which on the sheet was seen by Dr. S. It resembled the stain of black 
vomit. During the night he threw up large quantities of dark, half clotted blood, 
(so described by Mrs, W.,) but which unfortunately was not preserved. Died, with- 
out delirium or convulsions, at 5 A. M. of the 5th. The body, examined by Dr. S. 



108 

at 8, presented no yellowness of skin; and continued perfectly white up to the time 
of his interment. 

This case certainly presented some very suspicious symptoms ; yet, if it had oc- 
curred at any other time, it would probably have been considered as one of those 
unaccountable cases of blood poisoning, which are occasionally met with in all cli- 
mates and at all seasons. Could there have been absorption of some acrid matter 
from the posterior nares, the seat of the diphtherite ? An additional reason for 
thinking that this was not a case of yellow fever, is, that the child had a mild at- 
tack of the fever in 1852. But if it were yellow fever, it could hardly have been 
from any local cause — 1st, because the neighborhood is remarkably clean, well 
drained and healthy ; 2dly, because there was no other case of fever in that neigh- 
borhood until the 10th or 15th of August, five or six weeks after the child's death 
— and it is difficult to imagine that a poison arising from local causes could have 
been so limited in amount as to affect only one person and no other for six weeks 
afterwards. The Ben Franklin in quarantine lay about one mile from Mrs. W.'s 
house, and twelve days before the child was taken with the fatal fever, and six be- 
fore he was attacked with the diphtherite, passed on her w^y to Gosport within 
one-third of a mile from the house. Could a sufficient dose ofyellow fever malaria 
have been blown ashore from her to affect this child? Perhaps future observations 
of similar cases may throw some light upon this. 

We still think that the cases in Barry's row, beginning with Mrs. Cusack's on the 
16th July, were the first cases of fever in Norfolk. There was a constant and 
daily succession of cases from the first ; and from this centre the disease spread in 
all directions. Barry's row consisted of a half a dozen or more three-story brick 
houses on the east side of Church, between Union and Water streets, occupied al- 
most exclusively by Irish, who lived in the crowded and dirty state so common with 
persons of their class. The ground upon which these buildings stood was formerly 
covered with water, and has been filled up within the last 12 or 15 years. The 
houses were badly built, and had settled a good deal, so that, after the street was 
paved, the basement floor was below the level of the side walk. In wet weather, 
the water under the floor rose up to and even above the planks, and mixing with 
the slops and dirt from the houses, furnished a suitable nidus for the origination or 
propagation of any pestilential disease. The lower end of the row is about 50 or 80 
yards from the river. Page and Allen's yard lies southwest by south from it, and 
at the distance of 1.07 miles. It is worthy. of note, tha^ from the 19th June, the 
day on which the Ben Franklin arrived at Gosport, to July 15, the wind prevailed 
from the southwest 16 days, west 8 days, south 1 day, southeast 1 day, northwest 1 
day, thus affording the fairest chance of the fever being blown from Gosport, if it 
be susceptible of being transported so far by the wind. At the time of the outbreak 
of the fever, it was attributed by public rumor, to the arrival of a number of Irish 
families from Gosport, who, panic stricken by the rapid spread and mortality of 
the pestilence in their ©wn town, fled to their friends and countrymen in Barry's 
row, bringing with them their luggage and bedding. Although this may afford a 
very satisfactory explanation of the transfer of the disease to Norfolk, yet, after a 
diligent and protracted investigation of this point, we have been unable to obtain 
any evidence of the fact. On the contrary, we are satisfied, by the assurance of per- 
sons living in the row at the time, that no one moved over from Gosport until many 
days after the disease had already existed in the row, the first arrival being on the 
23rd, 7 days after Mrs. Cusack was taken. We are also assured that none among 
the early cases, were persons who had been to Gosport. 

While making these statements, and in order to omit no fact which may tend to 
throw light upon the origin of the fever in Norfolk, it seems necessary that the fol- 
lowing particulars should be here mentioned. During the whole period when the 
Ben Franklin was lying at Gosport, a steam ferry boat (used as a conveyance for 
workmen belonging to the navy yard) continued to make two trips daily between 
the Seaboard and Roanoke rail road depot in Norfolk, and a wharf within the vi- 
cinity of 25 yards distance from the infected vessel, Franklin. Passing out of dock, 
where some 20 minutes' detention often occurred, the ferry boat crossed the river, 
and immediately discharged the workmen at their landing in Norfolk. This land- 
ing is situated about 150 yards from the centre of Barry's row, the street along 
which is itself a direct and common thoroughfare for passengers by the rail road ferry. 
It thus appears plain, that the ordinary modes of human intercourse between the 
neighbourhood of the primary seat of the yellow fever at Gosport and its subsequent 
place of invasion in Norfolk, were maintained without interruption for a length 
of time previous to the appearance of the disease in Barry's row. 



109 

As soon as the disease was found to be in Barry's row, the board of health barri- 
caded the streets leading to it, and forbade all intercourse ; and as soon as the 
necessary arrangements could be made, removed all the inhabitants of the row, 
both sick and well, to temporary sheds erected beyond the limits of the city. A 
few days afterwards, viz : on the 9th of August, the entire block was burnt to tho 
ground. Many persons were now flattered with the hope that the sick being re- 
moved and the focus of infection destroyed by fire, the disease would cease. A few 
days sufficed to show how delusive was this expectation. New cases immediately 
appeared in the same vicinity, and the pestilence advanced steadily in all direc- 
tions; nor did it cease until it swept over the entire city. Its general progress was 
very steady and uniform. The epidemic wave, extending in a circle as the ripple 
from a stone thrown into the water, day by day invaded house after hcuse, and 
street after street. To this uniformity of its advance there wero a few exceptions, 
where the poisoned air seemed to shoot out from the general line of march, and 
overleaping the intermediate space, would infect some particular spot several days 
before the intervening streets shoXved any cases. Thus several persons sickened in 
Queen street about the 10th of August, when the main body of the epidemic had 
scarcely passed Main street. Yet, on the whole its progress was very regular and 
uniform, being at the rate of 40 yards a day, or a mile in 5 or 6 weeks. Nor did 
the local conditions, which in ordinary seasons promote health or excite disease, 
seem to make any difference in the spread or malignancy of this epidemic. Those 
parts of the city which have always been regarded as the most healthy, and are 
occupied by the wealthier classes, suffered equally with the crowded, dirty, ill venti- 
lated habitations of the poor. No where was the mortality greater than on Smith's 
point, which is sparsely peopled, and is as dry, clean and well ventilated as a 
country village or a gentleman's park. In this respect there was a striking diffe- 
rence between the fever of 1855 and all previous epidemics. In 1821, 1826, 1852, 
and we believe in the earlier epidemics also, the disease was very limited in extent, 
not passing to the north of Main street, which is only 2 or 3 hundred yards from 
the river. But in this memorable yeajr, the disease kept its course steadily onward 
over the whole city, and even passed in some directions beyond the city limits, 
some distance into the country. 

The disease seemed to extend more readily along the water, where there was 
nothing to obstruct its progress. The crew of the United States ship Pennsylvania, 
lying near to Gosport, after some cases of fever had appeared on board, were trans- 
ferred to the Saint Lawrence, and dropped down to the bight of Craney Island, 
about 2 or 3 miles below Norfolk. Here new cases continued to occur for some 
days. After which, there was a complete cessation of the diseaso on board, no new 
cases appearing for 12 or 15 days. 

When the disease in Norfolk had approached the north-west limits of the town, 
after the prevalence of the wind from the direction of Norfolk, several new cases 
occurred, and curiously enough, among those who slept in the uncovered ports 
looking towards the city. This continued to be the case until near the close of the 
epidemic. 

These interesting facts were furnished by Dr. Horwitz, U. S. Navy, who was the 
medical officer on board. 

Some cases also, it is alleged, occurred on Craney Island, nearly four miles below 
the nearest part of Norfolk. A solitary case occurred at Old Point, 12 miles distant 
from Norfolk. Of its character there can be no doubt. The lady, Miss Taney, was 
seen by Dr. Jarvis, U. S. Army, by Dr. Semple of Hampton, and Dr. St. Julien 
Ravenel of Charleston, who were all satisfied that it was an unmistakable case of 
yellow fever. She was taken sick on the 25th day of September, and died on the 
30th with jaundice and coffee ground vomiting. But how can it be accounted for ? 
Miss T. occupied a cottage near the beach, remote from all causes of a local cha- 
racter that could engender malaria of any kind. She had not been off the Point 
since the commencement of the epidemic in Norfolk, and had carefully avoided 
communication with persons coming from Norfolk or Portsmouth to the Point. A 
rigid quarantine had been kept up since the beginning of August, so that no vessel 
or boat came to Old Point from Norfolk. Could the poison have been blown from 
Norfolk, or floated down with the tide 12 miles, or was it a spontaneous case, origi- 
nating where it is impossible to imagine a local cause? In the present state of our 
knowledge on the subject of yellow fever, it is not possible to solve this question. 
Perhaps it may be explained at a future day. The day after the death of Miss 
Taney, the weather became so cold as to render fires necessary. It was said that 
there was a slight frost in the neighborhood ; but this is doubtful. The cold weather 
probably accounts for there being no other case at the Point. 



110 

The epidemic in Norfolk reached its acme about the last of August and continued 
without abatement until the middle of September. After this it gradually declined, 
probably from want of subjects, and was finally arrested by frost and ice on the 26th 
day of October. After which no new case occurred among the returning fugitives. 

It does not fall within the plan of this report to give the melancholy history of 
the ravages of the disease, nor to enter into a detail of its symptoms and treatment. 
It did not differ materially from the fever seen by us in 1852, and those described 
by our predecessors in previous epidemics, from 1795 to 1826, except in its greater 
malignancy and wider diffusion. In its symptoms it wd's much the same as all the 
great epidemics that have occurred either here or elsewhere ; perhaps only sup- 
pression of urine was more common than had been previously observed. 

We have no means of ascertaining correctly the number of cases. There were 
probably from 8 to 10,000; that is to say, nearly the whole population that remained 
in the city. Very few indeed escaped an attack, with the exception of those who 
had the disease before, either here or elsewhere. Of all those who had the disease 
in 1852, however slightly, we have not heard of a single one who was sick in 1855. 
Most of those who had the fever in 1821 or 1826, escaped. Others had it mildly. 
We have heard of but two deaths of persons who had had the fever before, viz : Dr. 
Sylvester, who thought he had had it when a student in 1821 in this town, and Mr. 
Ignatius Higgins, who believed he had had an attack in New Orleans some 15 or 16 
years before. The blacks seemed equally as susceptible as the whites, scarcely any 
escaping an attack ; but they bore the disease much better. Very few indeed of 
the pure blacks died — while the mulattoes suffered almost as much as the whites. 
The same susceptibility of the blacks to the yellow fever has been noticed in all 
former epidemics in this place. 

The number of deaths was about 2,000, or one-fourfh of the entire population re- 
maining in the city. When we consider that half of this population was black, 
among whom there were few deaths, it seems probable that more than one-third of 
all the whites attacked, died. 

In no case that we have known or heard of,^vas there the least reason to suspect 
that the disease was contagious. Many hundreds of our people, flying from the 
pestilence, sickened and died, in the neighboring counties and cities, in hotels 
and private houses, in infirmaries and hospitals, under all possible varieties of place 
and circumstance, and yet we have not heard of a single instance in which it was 
even alleged that the disease was communicated to the attendants or friends.* 

We have now given all the facts within our knowledge, which can serve to eluci- 
date " the cause and origin of the yellow fever of 1855 ;" which was the question 
proposed to the committee by the councils. From these it will appear : 

1. That the climate and situation of Norfolk cannot be very favorable to the de- 
velopeinent of yellow fever, in as much as, during a space of fifty years, viz : from 
1805 to 1855, the disease appeared among us as an epidemic but three times, viz : 
in 1821, 1826 and 1852. 

2. That the year 1855, previously to the outbreak of the fever, was not remark- 
able either for heat or moisture. The temperature of the winter and spring, except 
April, was below the average of 30 years. That of June was about the average, 
but was exceeded in heat by 15 Junes out of 30. That "the heavy rains of April 
and May, followed by a long drought," suggested in the Portsmouth report as the 
cause of the fever, did not exist. On the contrary, April and May were unusually dry, 
and June very wet. 

• 3. That the city, if not in as good sanitary condition as could have been desired, 
was probably in as good order as most towns of the same size, and certainly as clean 
as it had been for the last 29 years, during which we had the fever but once. There 
had been no recent filling up, and no excavations for gas or water pipes, &c. Du- 
ring the progress of the epidemic, the cleanest, dryest and best ventilated places 
enjoyed no greater exemption than the dirtiest and most crowded ; which would 
not have been the case, if the disease were owing to the decomposition of animal 
and vegetable matter. 

4. That during the first six months of the year the health of the town was very 
satisfactory. It was not merely as good as in preceding years, but we think bet- 
ter. In June and July there was much less dysentery, the most common disease 
of the season tkat we ordinarily meet with. 

* My own personal observation, which is on record in the Charleston Medical Journal, is not 
in accordance with this opinion, having seen reason to believe in a contagious property ex- 
hibited by the epidemic yellow fever which prevailed here in 1855. (See the remarks in May 
No. of the above Journal 1856.) A- B. WILLIMAN. 



Ill 

5. That in all previous epidemics the disease began in Norfolk, and only extend- 
ed, after the lapse of many weeks, to Portsmouth and Gosport, where it prevailed 
to a much more limited extent than in Norfolk. This circumstance was probably 
owing to the fact, that all vessels from the West Indies come to Norfolk, and none 
to Portsmouth, which has had little or no commerce. 

6. That in two of the three epidemics which have occurred in the last half century, 
viz : those of 1821 and 1852, the disease has been traced with great probability if 
not certainty, to vessels arriving from West India ports with fever on board. That 
of 1826, of which unfortunately we have no recorded history, was attributed by pop- 
ular opinion to a similar source. 

7. That the fever of 1855 began in Gosport, the first cases being on the 30th of 
June, in a house adjoining Page & Allan's ship yard, in a locality where there are 
no unusual elements of disease. The surface of the yard, it is true, was covered 
with chips, as is the case with all ships yard; but after a careful and minute per- 
sonal examination of the premises, we have been unable to discover any obvious or 
probable causa of disease. The dock, which has been pointed out as the (i fons et 
oriffo mali," the very focus from which the poison emanated, though partially filled 
with mud and logs of timber, is covered by salt water at high' tide, and in our 
opinion is altogether inadequate to the production of disease of any kind. The 
marshes around Gosport, and which are not in the immediate vicinity of Page & 
Allen's yard, are in much the same condition as they have always been — very un- 
sightly when the tide is out, and giving rise, where partially obstructed, to inter- 
mittent and remittent fevers ; but as they have never caused yellow fever before in 
the last 50 or 100 years, we are at loss to understand how they could suddenly have 
acquired this new potency in 1855. 

8. That on the 19th of June, eleven days before the first cases of fever were seen 
in Gosport, (it is worthy of note that this was about the time that has frequently 
been observed to intervene between the arrival of an infected vessel and the first 
cases of fever ashore,) the steamer Ben Franklin, from Saint Thomas, came up to 
Gosport, and was laid along side the wharf at Page & Allen's yard, at the distance 
of not more than 100 yards from the house in which the first cases occurred. That 
this ship had lain a long time in the harbor of Saint Thomas, where the fever was 
very prevalent. That she had probably lost several of her crew while there, and 
had certainly lost two men by fever on the voyage to this port. That, when after 
remaining 13 days in quarantine, she came up to Gosport, there was a severe and 
fatal case of fever (Palmer's) concealed on board of her. That while she lay at the 
yard three other cases occurred among those employed on board of her, viz: Court- 
right on the 30th of June, Jones on the same day or 3d of July, and Carter on 5th 
of July. That cases continued to break out on board of her after she was sent back 
to quarantine, not only among her crew, but in two negroes who spent a night on 
board of her — thus showing that the vessel was infected. 

9. That the fever began in Norfolk in Barry's row, on the 16th of July, just 17 
days af er its commencement in Gosport, 28 days after the Ben Franklin arrived at 
Page & Allen's yard, and 40 days after her arrival at quarantine. Barry's row is 
situated northeast by north from Page & Allen's yard, and is 1.07 miles distant from 
it, with only water intervening. That from the time of the arrival of the Ben 
Franklin at Gosport to the outbreak of the fever in Barry's row, the wind prevailed 
almost constantly from the southwest. We have no evidence that the disease was 
conveyed to Norfolk in the baggage of fugitives from Gosport, as was currently re- 
ported at the time; but we incline to the opinion that the material cause of the 
disease was transported by the wind directly from Gosport or the Ben Franklin, and 
fo^nd a suitable nidus for its further development in the low, dirty habitations of 
Barry's row. That neither was the distance (1.07 miles) too great, nor the time (28 
days) too short for this occurrence. In this opinion we have been strengthened by 
the fact that the next year (1856) the yellow fever was thus communicated from 
vessels at quarantine to the Long Island shore in the neighborhood of Fort Hamil- 
ton, where, when once planted, it continued to spread until frost. 

10. That the disease did not break out simultaneously in all par,ts of the city, as 
it would have done, if produced by a combination of terrene and meteorological 
eauses, nor was it scattered about as if by accident, as is the case with diseases pro- 
pagated by contagion ; but starting from a central point, it advanced steadily and 
regularly in all directions, until arrested by frost— there being an interval of two 
months between its commencementin Barry's row and its appearance on the Princess 
Anne road, a distance of Is mile, and more than three months from the first case 



112 

• 

in Gosport to the occurrence of the disease in the extreme limits of Norfolk. A 
similar mode of extension has never been observed in regard to remittent aod in- 
termittent fever, which are admitted to depend upon local and atmospheric causes. 

11. The yellow fever north of the Gulf of Mexico is well known to be a disease 
of seaport towns only — never appearing in inland towns, unless previously existing 
in neighboring seaports. When it occurs in seaports, it very generally begins on 
the wharves in the neighborhood of shipping. We kuow of no causes, either local 
or meteorological, which are peculiar to seaport towns and the commercial parts of 
those seaports, and which are not equally found in inland towns, except the pre- 
eence of ships from foreign ports. Accordingly, the common sense of the people, 
regardless of professional dogmas and theories, has always ascribed the origin of 
the disease to importation in ships. 

12. The fever in 1855 did not appear, in any case that came under our observa- 
tion, to be communicated by contagion. Indeed, the great number of instances in 
which persons from Norfolk died wuh yellow fever in other places, without commu- 
nicating the disease, proves, as far as negative testimony can prove any thing, that 
the disease is, decidedly, not contagious. 

Finally. After a careful consideration of the foregoing facts, we are unanimously 
of the opinion that the yellow fever of 1855 was introduced by the steamer Ben 
Franklin from Saint Thomas, and that there is no reason to suppose that we should 
have been visited by the epidemic but for the arrival in our harbor of this or some 
other vessel with the fever on board. 

In the present state of science, it is not possible to determine what is the material 
cause of yel'ow fever, in as much as it is not tangible, and cannot be subjected to 
examination and analysis. It is only by a careful process of induction from all the 
known facts in relation to the disease, that we can hope to arrive at a correct theory 
of its origin and propagation. The hypothesis, which best explains most of the 
known phenomena of the disease, is that its material cause is some organic matter 
endued with the property of rapid reproduction, either in a soil or atmosphere con- 
genial to it, but not capable of being reproduced in the human body. That this 
matter, whether of animalcular or vegetable character, is a production of tropical 
regions, and is oaly spread in temperate climates, when introduced into them by 
ships. 

As a necessary consequence of our opinions, we would advise the councils that, 
while they should pay the strictest attention to sanitary regulations, such as clean- 
ing, draining, &c, with a view to diminish if possible the spread and malignancy 
of the disease in case it should unfortunately be introduced, yet our chief reliance 
for escape from yellow fever for the future must be in a rigid quarantine, at a safe 
distance, of all vessels arriving from suspected ports. 

Which is respectfully submitted. 

WILLIAM SELDEN, M. D., ROBT. B. TUNSTALL, M. D.,WM, J. MOORE, 
M. D., S D. CAMPBELL, M. D-, ROBT. H. GORDON, M. D. 

The foregoing report contains twelve propositions, beginning at p. 110, in the form 
of final conclusion to the previous written matter. As a member of the committee 
about to sign these propositions, I take this method of making the following re- 
marks, in order to define correctly my own personal opinion : 

The 9th paragraph (p. Ill,) asserts a belief that the yellow fever poison was 
wafted by the wind from Gosport, and found a suitable nidus for its further develop- 
ment in the low and dirty habitations of Barry's row, Norfolk. I do not incline to 
this opinion, but think it more likely that either the ferry steamer (plyitg twice 
daily between the original seat of disease at Gosport and the vicinity of Barry's 
row) or the workmen on board of her acted as the communicating agent of the dis- 
ease. 

My knowledge of the fever at Fort Hamilton in 1856 does not allow me to speak 
at all. 

The 12th clause has another mention about contagion. I remark, as in a former 
place, that my observation favored an affirmative opinion for it. Again, I think 
that the cause of yellow fever is some minute material germ, capable of reproducing 
itself when given off. from the human body suffering under this disease. 

If hazarding any advice in addition to that given in the report, it would be 
plainly this- to remove all persons sick of yellow fever as far as possible from a 
crowded city population, and especially from that of the laboring Irish, who now 
abound in Norfolk. 

A. B. WILLIMAN, M. D. 



113 



A list of Orphans iakm m eharge by our Association, during the fever of 

1855. 



* Julia Christopher, 
Mary Bruce, 
Lizzie Custis, 
f Lucy Hastings, 
Alexina Dixon, 
Maggie Dixon, 
Lizzie McCoy, 
Delia McCoy, 
Mary E. McCoy, 
Susan McCoy, 
fMary B. Whitehurst, 
f Julia Whitehurst, 
Nellie Whitehurst, 
Sarah King, 
Selina Dooley, 
f Lizzie Dooley, 
Sarah Mercer, 
fMary E. Snider, 
Maggie Brown, 
Maggie Haywood, 
Mary E. Hill, 
JSophy Hill, 
fMary A. Williams, 
f Ellenora Inge, 
Columbia Hozier, 
f Maggie White, 
fMary Lewis, 
Sarah J. Hathaway, 
Mary J. Hathaway, 
f Celeste Cherry, 
f Maria Williams, 
Lorei Broughton, 
f Sallie Grey, 
Willie Hastings, 
♦Alphonso Felix, 

No. of-orphans in the Howard Asylum, Sept- 4th, 1857, Girls, 19, Boys, 25, Total, 
45. . [Signed.] M. A. WHITE, Matron. 

* These have been taken by persons in Norfolk, to learn tra'des, one that of dress- 
maker, the other that of sailmaker. 

f These have (several of them) been taken by the relatives of their deceased pa- 
rents, but most of them have been adopted by gentlemen and ladies living here, 
and in other parts of the Union. 

J These have died. 



Doncetso Felix, 
Charles Corbet, 
George Bruce, 
Benjamin Bruce, 
Ezekiel Hosiei', 
William McClelan, 
Thomas Beverage, 
Willie Beverage, 
f Mitchell Footell, 
Thomas Garrett, 
Billie Howard, 
f Austin Dooley, 
Francis Mercer, 
Robert House, 
Henry Etherege, 
Billie Etherege, 
J Henry Shields, 
f Nathaniel Lewis, 
f Patrick White, 
f James Snyder, 
f Frank Snyder, 
Thomas Staylor, 
Alonzo Staylor, 
Luther Inge, 
J C. C. Hammilton, 
William King, 
David Hathaway, 
Thomas D. 
John' Lawrence, 
Charlie Lawrence, 
Willis Mooney, 
Henry Brown, 
Alexander Watt, 
*William Christopher. 



*ifc=S>- 



m 







REPORT 



OF THE 



'fltott %%%s&xtim% d ftorMfc, Jta, 



TO ALL 



CONTRIBUTORS WHO GAVE THEIR VALUABLE AID 



IN BEHALF OF THE 



SUFFERERS FROM EPIDEMIC YELLOW FEVER 



DURING THE SUMMER OF 1855. 



M 




PHILADELPHIA : 
INQUIRER PRINTING OFFICE, 121 SOUTH THIRD STREET. 

1857. 

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